2024 United States Senate elections

The 2024 United States Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024. These elections were for 33 of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. Special elections also took place in California and Nebraska. The senators are divided into three groups, called classes, and every two years one of these classes is up for election.

In 2024, the senators in Class 1 were up for election. The Republicans were able to win back control of the Senate by winning several seats that were held by Democrats. This was the first time since 2014 that Republicans had won a majority in the Senate. They also kept all of their own seats.

Many senators chose to run for re-election, but some decided not to. There were also two special elections to fill seats that became empty. The results showed that Republicans won in several key states, while Democrats were able to win in some states.

Partisan composition

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats, and one Class 2 seat, were up for election in 2024. Class 1 currently had 20 Democrats, four independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats, and 10 Republicans.

Burgess Everett of Politico said the map for these Senate elections was challenging for Democrats. Democrats had to defend 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats, including three in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020. In contrast, Republicans had no seats in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. Republican success was linked to better candidates and the coattails of Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, who won the 2024 presidential election.

Split-ticket voting

The 2024 Senate elections saw more split-ticket outcomes than recent cycles. Four states that Donald Trump won in the presidential election also elected Democratic senators: Arizona, Michigan, Nevada, and Wisconsin. This was the highest share since 2012. Despite the split outcomes, the connection between presidential and Senate race results remained very strong. The results also led to a very low number of states with senators from different parties in the next Congress, with only three states—Maine, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—having senators from different parties.

Summary results

Seats

Parties		Democratic	Independent	Republican	Total
Parties					Total
Last elections (2022)		49	2	49	100
Before these elections		47	4	49	100
Not up		28	–	38	66
	Class 2 (2020→2026)	13	–	19	32
	Class 3 (2022→2028)	15	–	19	34

Up		19	4	11	33
	Class 1 (2018→2024)	21	2	10	33
	Special: Class 1 & 2	1	—	1	2

General election
Incumbent retiring		5	2	2	9
	Held by same party	5	—	2	7
	Replaced by other party	1 Independent replaced by 1 Republican 1 Independent replaced by 1 Democrat			2
	Result	6	—	3	9
Incumbent running		13	2	8	23
	Won re-election	10	2	8	20
	Lost re-election	3 Democrats replaced by 3 Republicans			3
	Result	10	2	11	23

Special elections
Appointee retiring		1	—	—	1
Appointee running		–	–	1	1
	Individuals elected	1	–	1	2
	Result	1	–	1	2

Result		45	2	53	100

Change in composition

Each block stands for one of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. The letters "D#" stand for Democratic senators, "I#" for Independent senators, and "R#" for Republican senators. The blocks are shown so you can easily see which group has the most seats.

Before the elections

This shows what the Senate looked like before the elections, after a party change in West Virginia on June 1, 2024.

After the elections

This shows what the Senate will look like after the elections.

D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈	D₉	D₁₀
D₂₀	D₁₉	D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁
D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈	D₂₉ Conn. Ran	D₃₀ Hawaii Ran
D₄₀ Va. Ran	D₃₉ R.I. Ran	D₃₈ Pa. Ran	D₃₇ Ohio Ran	D₃₆ N.Y. Ran	D₃₅ N.M. Ran	D₃₄ Nev. Ran	D₃₃ Mont. Ran	D₃₂ Minn. Ran	D₃₁ Mass. Ran
D₄₁ Wash. Ran	D₄₂ Wis. Ran	D₄₃ Calif. Retired	D₄₄ Del. Retired	D₄₅ Md. Retired	D₄₆ Mich. Retired	D₄₇ N.J. Retired	I₁ Maine Ran	I₂ Vt. Ran	I₃ Ariz. Retired
Majority (with Independents) ↑									I₃ Ariz. Retired
R₄₁ Mo. Ran	R₄₂ Neb. (reg) Ran	R₄₃ Neb. (sp) Ran	R₄₄ N.D. Ran	R₄₅ Tenn. Ran	R₄₆ Texas Ran	R₄₇ Wyo. Ran	R₄₈ Ind. Retired	R₄₉ Utah Retired	I₄ W.Va. Retired
R₄₀ Miss. Ran	R₃₉ Fla. Ran	R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁
R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈	R₂₉	R₃₀
R₂₀	R₁₉	R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁
R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈	R₉	R₁₀

D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈	D₉	D₁₀
D₂₀	D₁₉	D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁
D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈	D₂₉ Calif. Hold	D₃₀ Conn. Re-elected
D₄₀ N.Y. Re-elected	D₃₉ N.M. Re-elected	D₃₈ N.J. Hold	D₃₇ Nev. Re-elected	D₃₆ Minn. Re-elected	D₃₅ Mich. Hold	D₃₄ Mass. Re-elected	D₃₃ Md. Hold	D₃₂ Hawaii Re-elected	D₃₁ Del. Hold
D₄₁ R.I. Re-elected	D₄₂ Va. Re-elected	D₄₃ Wash. Re-elected	D₄₄ Wisc. Re-elected	D₄₅ Ariz. Gain	I₁ Maine Re-elected	I₂ Vt. Re-elected	R₅₃ W.Va. Gain	R₅₂ Pa. Gain	R₅₁ Ohio Gain
Majority →									R₅₁ Ohio Gain
R₄₁ Miss. Re-elected	R₄₂ Mo. Re-elected	R₄₃ Neb. (reg) Re-elected	R₄₄ Neb. (sp) Elected	R₄₅ N.D. Re-elected	R₄₆ Tenn. Re-elected	R₄₇ Texas Re-elected	R₄₈ Utah Hold	R₄₉ Wyo. Re-elected	R₅₀ Mont. Gain
R₄₀ Ind. Hold	R₃₉ Fla. Re-elected	R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁
R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈	R₂₉	R₃₀
R₂₀	R₁₉	R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁
R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈	R₉	R₁₀

Key

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican
I_#	Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Predictions

Some people made guesses about who might win the 2024 United States Senate elections. They looked at how strong the current senator was and how voters in each state usually felt about parties. These guesses gave each race a rating to show which party seemed more likely to win. The ratings included "tossup" for no clear favorite, "lean" for a small advantage, "likely" for a bigger advantage, and "safe" for almost certain victory.

Constituency		Incumbent		Ratings
State	PVI	Senator	Last election	Cook Oct. 21, 2024	IE Oct. 31, 2024	Sabato Nov. 4, 2024	RCP Oct. 30, 2024	ED Nov. 4, 2024	CNalysis Nov. 4, 2024	DDHQ/The Hill Nov. 5, 2024	Fox Oct. 29, 2024	538 Nov. 2, 2024	Result
Arizona	R+2	Kyrsten Sinema (retiring)	49.96% D	Lean D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Tossup	Likely D (flip)	Likely D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Lean D (flip)	Likely D (flip)	Gallego 50.06% D (flip)
California	D+13	Laphonza Butler (retiring)	Appointed (2023)	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Schiff 58.87% D
Connecticut	D+7	Chris Murphy	59.53% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Murphy 58.58% D
Delaware	D+7	Tom Carper (retiring)	59.95% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Blunt Rochester 56.59% D
Florida	R+3	Rick Scott	50.05% R	Likely R	Likely R	Likely R	Lean R	Likely R	Likely R	Lean R	Likely R	Likely R	Scott 55.57% R
Hawaii	D+14	Mazie Hirono	71.15% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Hirono 64.61% D
Indiana	R+11	Mike Braun (retiring)	50.73% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Banks 58.64% R
Maine	D+2	Angus King	54.31% I	Solid I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Likely I	King 52.06% I
Maryland	D+14	Ben Cardin (retiring)	64.86% D	Likely D	Likely D	Likely D	Lean D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Lean D	Solid D	Alsobrooks 54.64% D
Massachusetts	D+15	Elizabeth Warren	60.34% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Warren 59.81% D
Michigan	R+1	Debbie Stabenow (retiring)	52.26% D	Tossup	Tilt D	Lean D	Tossup	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Likely D	Slotkin 48.64% D
Minnesota	D+1	Amy Klobuchar	60.31% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Klobuchar 56.20% D
Mississippi	R+11	Roger Wicker	58.49% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Wicker 62.81% R
Missouri	R+10	Josh Hawley	51.38% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Likely R	Safe R	Solid R	Likely R	Solid R	Solid R	Hawley 55.58% R
Montana	R+11	Jon Tester	50.33% D	Lean R (flip)	Tilt R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Tilt R (flip)	Likely R (flip)	Lean R (flip)	Likely R (flip)	Sheehy 52.64% R (flip)
Nebraska (regular)	R+13	Deb Fischer	57.69% R	Lean R	Lean R	Lean R	Lean R	Likely R	Tilt R	Likely R	Lean R	Likely R	Fischer 53.19% R
Nebraska (special)	R+13	Pete Ricketts	Appointed (2023)	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Ricketts 62.64% R
Nevada	R+1	Jacky Rosen	50.41% D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Likely D	Lean D	Lean D	Lean D	Likely D	Rosen 47.87% D
New Jersey	D+6	George Helmy (retiring)	Appointed (2024)	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Likely D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D	Kim 53.61% D
New Mexico	D+3	Martin Heinrich	54.09% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Lean D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D	Likely D	Solid D	Heinrich 55.06% D
New York	D+10	Kirsten Gillibrand	67.00% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Gillibrand 58.91% D
North Dakota	R+20	Kevin Cramer	55.45% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Cramer 66.31% R
Ohio	R+6	Sherrod Brown	53.41% D	Tossup	Tossup	Lean R (flip)	Tossup	Lean D	Tilt D	Tossup	Tossup	Tossup	Moreno 50.09% R (flip)
Pennsylvania	R+2	Bob Casey Jr.	55.74% D	Tossup	Tilt D	Lean D	Tossup	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Tossup	Lean D	McCormick 48.82% R (flip)
Rhode Island	D+8	Sheldon Whitehouse	61.44% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Whitehouse 59.90% D
Tennessee	R+14	Marsha Blackburn	54.71% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Blackburn 63.80% R
Texas	R+5	Ted Cruz	50.89% R	Lean R	Tilt R	Lean R	Tossup	Lean R	Tilt R	Lean R	Likely R	Likely R	Cruz 53.07% R
Utah	R+13	Mitt Romney (retiring)	62.59% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Curtis 62.50% R
Vermont	D+16	Bernie Sanders	67.44% I	Solid I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Safe I	Solid I	Solid I	Sanders 63.16% I
Virginia	D+3	Tim Kaine	57.00% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Likely D	Safe D	Solid D	Likely D	Solid D	Likely D	Kaine 54.37% D
Washington	D+8	Maria Cantwell	58.43% D	Solid D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Safe D	Solid D	Solid D	Cantwell 59.09% D
West Virginia	R+22	Joe Manchin (retiring)	49.57% D	Solid R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Safe R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Solid R (flip)	Justice 68.75% R (flip)
Wisconsin	R+2	Tammy Baldwin	55.36% D	Tossup	Tilt D	Lean D	Tossup	Lean D	Lean D	Tossup	Tossup	Lean D	Baldwin 49.33% D
Wyoming	R+25	John Barrasso	66.96% R	Solid R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Safe R	Solid R	Solid R	Barrasso 75.11% R
Overall				D/I - 45 R - 51 4 tossups	D/I - 48 R - 51 1 tossup	D/I - 48 R - 52 0 tossups	D/I - 43 R - 50 7 tossups	D/I - 49 R - 51 0 tossups	D/I - 49 R - 51 0 tossups	D/I - 46 R - 51 3 tossups	D/I - 45 R - 51 4 tossups	D/I - 48 R - 51 1 tossup	Results: D/I - 47 R - 53

Gains and holds

Two Independents, two Republicans and five Democrats decided not to run for re-election. Senator Dianne Feinstein had planned to retire at the end of her term but she passed away while she was still in office on September 29, 2023.

Three Democrats tried to be re-elected but they did not win the general election.

State	Senator	Age at end of term	Assumed office	Replaced by
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	48	2019	Ruben Gallego
California	Laphonza Butler	45	2023	Adam Schiff
Delaware	Tom Carper	77	2001	Lisa Blunt Rochester
Indiana	Mike Braun	70	2019	Jim Banks
Maryland	Ben Cardin	81	2007	Angela Alsobrooks
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	74	2001	Elissa Slotkin
New Jersey	George Helmy	45	2024	Andy Kim
Utah	Mitt Romney	77	2019	John Curtis
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	77	2010	Jim Justice

State	Senator	Assumed office	Replaced by
Montana	Jon Tester	2007	Tim Sheehy
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	2007	Bernie Moreno
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey Jr.	2007	Dave McCormick

Race summary

Special elections during the preceding Congress

Special elections were held to fill seats that became empty before the regular election day. The winners of these special elections started their time in office right after their victory was confirmed by the government of their state.

Elections leading to the next Congress

General elections were also held for seats that would begin on January 3, 2025. The winners of these elections were chosen to serve starting from that date.

State	Incumbent			Status	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Status	Candidates
California (Class 1)	Laphonza Butler	Democratic	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Adam Schiff (Democratic) 58.75% ▌Steve Garvey (Republican) 41.25%
Nebraska (Class 2)	Pete Ricketts	Republican	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee elected.	▌Y Pete Ricketts (Republican) 62.64% ▌Preston Love Jr. (Democratic) 37.36%

State	Incumbent				Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Result	Candidates
Arizona	Kyrsten Sinema	Independent	2018	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Ruben Gallego (Democratic) 50.1% ▌Kari Lake (Republican) 47.7% ▌Eduardo Heredia-Quintana (Green) 2.3%
California	Laphonza Butler	Democratic	2023 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.	▌Y Adam Schiff (Democratic) 58.9% ▌Steve Garvey (Republican) 41.1%
Connecticut	Chris Murphy	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Chris Murphy (Democratic) 58.58% ▌Matthew Corey (Republican) 39.8% ▌Robert F. Hyde (Independent) 0.9% ▌Justin Paglino (Green) 0.8%
Delaware	Tom Carper	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Lisa Blunt Rochester (Democratic) 56.6% ▌Eric Hansen (Republican) 39.5% ▌Michael Katz (Independent Party) 3.9%
Florida	Rick Scott	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Rick Scott (Republican) 55.6% ▌Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic) 42.8% Others ▌Ben Everidge (Independent) 0.6% ▌Feena Bonoan (Libertarian) 0.5% ▌Tuan Nguyen (Independent) 0.5%
Hawaii	Mazie Hirono	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Mazie Hirono (Democratic) 64.6% ▌Bob McDermott (Republican) 31.9% Others ▌Shelby Billionaire (We the People) 1.8% ▌Emma Pohlman (Green) 1.7%
Indiana	Mike Braun	Republican	2018	Incumbent retired to run for governor. Republican hold.	▌Y Jim Banks (Republican) 58.6% ▌Valerie McCray (Democratic) 38.8% ▌Andy Horning (Libertarian) 2.6%
Maine	Angus King	Independent	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Angus King (Independent) 52.1% ▌Demitroula Kouzounas (Republican) 34.6% ▌David Costello (Democratic) 10.8% ▌Jason Cherry (Independent) 2.5%
Maryland	Ben Cardin	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Angela Alsobrooks (Democratic) 54.6% ▌Larry Hogan (Republican) 42.8% ▌Mike Scott (Libertarian) 2.5%
Massachusetts	Elizabeth Warren	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elizabeth Warren (Democratic) 59.8% ▌John Deaton (Republican) 40.0%
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Elissa Slotkin (Democratic) 48.6% ▌Mike Rogers (Republican) 48.3% Others ▌Joseph Solis-Mullen (Libertarian) 1.0% ▌Douglas Marsh (Green) 1.0% ▌Dave Stein (Constitution) 0.7% ▌Doug Dern (Natural Law) 0.3%
Minnesota	Amy Klobuchar	DFL	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Amy Klobuchar (DFL) 56.2% ▌Royce White (Republican) 40.5% Others ▌Rebecca Whiting (Libertarian) 1.7% ▌Joyce Lacey (Independence) 1.5%
Mississippi	Roger Wicker	Republican	2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Roger Wicker (Republican) 62.8% ▌Ty Pinkins (Democratic) 36.6%
Missouri	Josh Hawley	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Josh Hawley (Republican) 55.6% ▌Lucas Kunce (Democratic) 41.8% Others ▌W. C. Young (Libertarian) 1.2% ▌Jared Young (Independent) 0.7% ▌Nathan Kline (Green) 0.7%
Montana	Jon Tester	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Tim Sheehy (Republican) 52.6% ▌Jon Tester (Democratic) 45.5% Others ▌Sid Daoud (Libertarian) 1.2% ▌Michael Downey (Green) 0.7%
Nebraska	Deb Fischer	Republican	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Deb Fischer (Republican) 53.19% ▌Dan Osborn (Independent) 46.47%
Nevada	Jacky Rosen	Democratic	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Jacky Rosen (Democratic) 47.9% ▌Sam Brown (Republican) 46.2% None of These Candidates 3.0% Others ▌Janine Hansen (Independent American) 1.5% ▌Christopher Cunningham (Libertarian) 1.4%
New Jersey	George Helmy	Democratic	2024 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired. Democratic hold. Interim appointee resigned December 8, 2024, to give Kim preferential seniority. Winner appointed the same day.	▌Y Andy Kim (Democratic) 53.6% ▌Curtis Bashaw (Republican) 44.0% Others ▌Christina Khalil (Green) 1.1% ▌Ken Kaplan (Libertarian) 0.6% ▌Patricia Mooneyham (Independent) 0.4% ▌Joanne Kuniansky (Socialist Workers) 0.2%
New Mexico	Martin Heinrich	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Martin Heinrich (Democratic) 55.1% ▌Nella Domenici (Republican) 44.9%
New York	Kirsten Gillibrand	Democratic	2009 (appointed) 2010 (special) 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Kirsten Gillibrand (Democratic) 58.5% ▌Mike Sapraicone (Republican) 41.0% ▌Diane Sare (LaRouche) 0.5%
North Dakota	Kevin Cramer	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Kevin Cramer (Republican) 66.5% ▌Katrina Christiansen (Democratic–NPL) 33.5%
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Bernie Moreno (Republican) 50.1% ▌Sherrod Brown (Democratic) 46.5% ▌Don Kissick (Libertarian) 3.4%
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey Jr.	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Dave McCormick (Republican) 48.8% ▌Bob Casey Jr. (Democratic) 48.6% Others ▌John Thomas (Libertarian) 1.2% ▌Leila Hazou (Green) 1.0% ▌Marty Selker (Constitution) 0.3%
Rhode Island	Sheldon Whitehouse	Democratic	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Sheldon Whitehouse (Democratic) 59.9% ▌Patricia Morgan (Republican) 40.1%
Tennessee	Marsha Blackburn	Republican	2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Marsha Blackburn (Republican) 63.8% ▌Gloria Johnson (Democratic) 34.2% Others ▌Tharon Chandler (Independent) 0.9% ▌Pamela Moses (Independent) 0.8% ▌Hastina Robinson (Independent) 0.3%
Texas	Ted Cruz	Republican	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ted Cruz (Republican) 53.1% ▌Colin Allred (Democratic) 44.6% ▌Ted Brown (Libertarian) 2.4%
Utah	Mitt Romney	Republican	2018	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y John Curtis (Republican) 62.5% ▌Caroline Gleich (Democratic) 31.7% ▌Carlton Bowen (Independent American) 5.7%
Vermont	Bernie Sanders	Independent	2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Bernie Sanders (Independent) 63.2% ▌Gerald Malloy (Republican) 32.1% ▌Steve Berry (Independent) 2.2% Others ▌Matt Hill (Libertarian) 1.2% ▌Justin Schoville (Peace and Justice) 0.9% ▌Matt Stewart Greenstein (Independent) 0.3%
Virginia	Tim Kaine	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Tim Kaine (Democratic) 54.4% ▌Hung Cao (Republican) 45.4%
Washington	Maria Cantwell	Democratic	2000 2006 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Maria Cantwell (Democratic) 59.1% ▌Raul Garcia (Republican) 40.6%
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	Independent	2010 (special) 2012 2018	Incumbent retired. Republican gain. Winner delayed start of term until January 13, 2025, to finish his term as Governor of West Virginia.	▌Y Jim Justice (Republican) 68.8% ▌Glenn Elliott (Democratic) 27.3% ▌David Moran (Libertarian) 4.0%
Wisconsin	Tammy Baldwin	Democratic	2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Tammy Baldwin (Democratic) 49.3% ▌Eric Hovde (Republican) 48.5% Others ▌Phil Anderson (Disrupt the Corruption) 1.2% ▌Thomas Leager (America First) 0.9%
Wyoming	John Barrasso	Republican	2007 (appointed) 2008 (special) 2012 2018	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Barrasso (Republican) 75.1% ▌Scott Morrow (Democratic) 24.1%

Closest races

Eleven races had very close results. The winner in each of these races won by less than 10% of the votes.

State	Party of winner	Margin
Pennsylvania	Republican (flip)	0.22%
Michigan	Democratic	0.34%
Wisconsin	Democratic	0.85%
Nevada	Democratic	1.64%
Arizona	Democratic (flip)	2.41%
Ohio	Republican (flip)	3.62%
Nebraska	Republican	6.67%
Montana	Republican (flip)	7.14%
Texas	Republican	8.50%
Virginia	Democratic	8.93%
New Jersey	Democratic	9.62%

Arizona

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Arizona

In 2024, Arizona had an election for the U.S. Senate. Kyrsten Sinema, who was elected as a Democrat in 2018 but later became an independent, decided not to run again. Ruben Gallego, a U.S. representative, ran for the Democratic Party and won without any competition. On the Republican side, Kari Lake won the primary election to be their candidate.

California

In 2023, Dianne Feinstein, a long-time senator, decided not to run for another term. She passed away later that year, leaving her seat empty. Another person, Laphonza Butler, was chosen to fill the position until the next election.

Three main candidates from one party and one candidate from another party competed in the primary election on March 5, 2024. The top two winners moved on to the general election to decide who would serve as a senator for California. Because of special rules in California, voters had two choices on their ballots for the same seat: one for the next full six-year term and another to finish the remaining weeks of the current term.

Connecticut

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut

In 2024, Senator Chris Murphy wanted to be elected for a third term. Gerry Smith, the First Selectman of Beacon Falls, started running for the Senate in February 2024. Matthew Corey, who owns a tavern and was the Republican nominee in 2018, won the Republican primary to become the party's candidate.

Delaware

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Delaware

Longtime Democratic senator Tom Carper decided not to run for another term in 2024. Lisa Blunt Rochester, who works in Congress for Delaware, is running to take his place. The race also includes some other candidates.

Florida

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Florida

In 2024, Rick Scott, a Republican who was first elected in 2018, ran for another term as a U.S. Senator from Florida. He faced challenges in the Republican primary from Keith Gross and actor John Columbus. The primary elections happened on August 20, 2024.

Rick Scott won and will serve a second term, after defeating Democratic candidate Debbie Mucarsel-Powell, a former congresswoman.

Hawaii

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii

Senator Mazie Hirono wanted to keep her job in 2024. She has been a senator for two terms and was reelected easily in 2018. Bob McDermott, a former state representative, won the Republican nomination after competing against five others.

Indiana

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Indiana

Republican Mike Braun, who was elected in 2018, decided not to run again so he could try to become the governor of Indiana. U.S. representative Jim Banks became the only candidate in the Republican primary after another contender was ruled ineligible.

On the Democratic side, psychologist Valerie McCray won the nomination by beating a former state representative.

Maine

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maine

Senator Angus King has served two terms and was reelected in 2018. He planned to run for a third term this year. In the elections, David Costello from the Democratic Party and Demitroula Kouzounas, a former leader of the Maine Republican Party, each won their party’s primary contest. Both will compete against King in the general election in November.

Maryland

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Maryland

In 2018, Ben Cardin won his last election with many votes. But in May 2023, he said he wouldn’t try to stay in office anymore.

Two people wanted to be the Democrat: Angela Alsobrooks, who works in Prince George’s County, and David Trone, who is a U.S. representative. Alsobrooks won, even though Trone used money from his own wealth.

On the Republican side, former governor Larry Hogan won against Robin Ficker, a former state delegate. Hogan is well-known for being fair and independent. He didn’t plan to run but decided to just before the deadline.

Massachusetts

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts

Elizabeth Warren is a member of the Democrat party who has served two terms. She was reelected in 2018 with most of the votes. In March 2023, she announced that she would run for reelection again. Some people running against her include Robert Antonellis, who owns a software company, Quincy City Council president Ian Cain, and attorney John Deaton. They are all from the Republican party.

Michigan

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Michigan

Longtime Democratic senator Debbie Stabenow decided not to run for another term in 2023. Several people joined the race to replace her. On the Democratic side, Elissa Slotkin, Leslie Love, Nasser Beydoun, and actor Hill Harper were candidates.

The primary elections happened on August 6, 2024. On the Republican side, Mike Rogers, Justin Amash, and Sandy Pensler were candidates. John James chose not to run this time. The main candidates who won their primaries were Slotkin for the Democrats and Rogers for the Republicans.

Minnesota

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota

Senator Amy Klobuchar is trying to win another term this year. She has served for three terms and was last elected in 2018 with many votes. In the Republican primary, Royce White, a former NBA basketball player, won against seven other candidates. Joyce Lacy will also be running as a third-party candidate.

Mississippi

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi

Roger Wicker, a member of the Republican Party, has been a senator for two terms. He was reelected in 2018 with most of the votes. In 2024, he ran for another term and faced a challenge in the primary election from a state representative named Dan Eubanks. Wicker won that race easily. In the main election, he will face a lawyer named Ty Pinkins from the Democratic Party.

Missouri

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Missouri

In 2024, Republican Josh Hawley wanted to keep his job as a U.S. Senator from Missouri. He was first elected in 2018. He ran against Lucas Kunce, a Marine veteran who had run for the Senate before. Kunce won the Democratic nomination on August 6, 2024. In the end, Hawley won the election and will stay as a senator.

Montana

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Montana

Democrat Jon Tester wanted to be elected for a fourth time. He had narrowly won his last election in 2018. He was one of two Democratic senators seeking reelection in states that Republican Donald Trump won in both 2016 and 2020.

Businessman and former Navy SEAL officer Tim Sheehy won the Republican nomination. U.S. representative Matt Rosendale also ran but dropped out. Sheehy won the election, giving the Republican Party control of both of Montana's senate seats for the first time since 1911.

Nebraska

There were two elections in Nebraska because Ben Sasse left his job as a senator.

Nebraska (regular)

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska

Deb Fischer, who has been a senator for two terms, wanted to keep her job. She was first chosen in 2018 with most of the votes. A man named Dan Osborn, who works with pipes and machines, decided to run without joining any political party. Because of this, the group that usually supports people who think like him did not put up their own candidate but instead supported Osborn.

Nebraska (special)

Main article: 2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska

Ben Sasse stopped being a senator in January 2023 to take a new job leading a university in Florida. Another man, Pete Ricketts, who used to be the leader of Nebraska, was chosen to fill the spot until new elections. He had to compete against another man for the chance to be the official candidate for his group. A teacher from a university, Preston Love Jr., decided to run for the other big group.

Nevada

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Nevada

Democrat Jacky Rosen wanted to be re-elected for a second term. She was first elected in 2018. On the Republican side, Sam Brown won the primary on June 11 and became the nominee. He ran against former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter and former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, among others.

New Jersey

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey

Democrat Bob Menendez was chosen again in 2018. In 2023, he faced legal issues and decided not to continue his campaign. Governor Phil Murphy said he would choose George Helmy, a former aide, to help until the election.

Tammy Murphy, the current first lady of New Jersey, also tried to be the Democratic choice but stopped her campaign in March 2024. For the Republican nomination, Mendham mayor Christine Serrano Glassner and real estate developer Curtis Bashaw both ran, and Bashaw won the Republican primary on June 4, 2024.

New Mexico

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New Mexico

Martin Heinrich has been a senator for New Mexico for two terms. He was re-elected in 2018 and chose to run for a third term. Nella Domenici, a hedge fund executive and the daughter of former senator Pete Domenici, announced she would seek the Republican nomination for the Senate on January 17, 2024.

New York

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in New York

Kirsten Gillibrand has served two terms as a senator from New York and was chosen again for a third term. A former police detective named Mike Sapraicone also ran to be the senator for New York.

North Dakota

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota

In 2024, Republican Kevin Cramer, who was elected in 2018, decided to run again for his seat. The Democrat running against him was Katrina Christiansen, an engineering professor from the University of Jamestown. She had also run for the Senate in 2022.

Ohio

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Ohio

In the 2024 U.S. Senate election in Ohio, Democrat Sherrod Brown tried to keep his job. He had been elected three times before and won easily in 2018. Brown represented Ohio, a state that voted for Republican Donald Trump in the last two presidential elections.

The Republican candidate was businessman Bernie Moreno. He won the primary election against two other candidates. In the final election, Moreno got more votes than Brown and won.

Pennsylvania

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

Democrat Bob Casey Jr. wanted to serve another term after being elected in 2018. He ran against engineer Blaine Forkner. The Republican nominee was David McCormick, who had run for the Senate before. On November 5, 2024, McCormick won the election. At first, Casey was unsure about the result, but he later accepted the loss, and McCormick became the winner.

Rhode Island

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Rhode Island

Sheldon Whitehouse has served three terms as a Democrat and ran for a fourth term. He was reelected in 2018. Republicans running included state representative Patricia Morgan and IT professional Raymond McKay.

Tennessee

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee

Republican Marsha Blackburn, who was elected in 2018, is running for another term. The Democratic party chose state representative Gloria Johnson to be their candidate.

Texas

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Texas

Ted Cruz ran for another term as a senator from Texas. He competed against Colin Allred, a former football player and a current congressman. Allred won his place as the candidate by beating two other politicians in the primary election. On November 5, 2024, Cruz won the election.

Utah

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Utah

In 2018, Mitt Romney became a U.S. senator from Utah. He chose not to run again in 2024. The Republican party selected John Curtis as their candidate. He won against some other people in the primary election. The Democratic party chose a professional skier named Caroline Gleich to be their candidate.

Vermont

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Vermont

Bernie Sanders has been a senator for three terms and was re-elected in 2018 with most of the votes. In 2024, he faced challenges from artist Cris Ericson and businessman Gerald Malloy, who became the Republican nominee without any competition.

Virginia

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Virginia

Tim Kaine from the Democratic Party was chosen again in 2018 and is trying to stay in his job in 2024. A man named Hung Cao, who is a veteran, will run against him for the Republican Party. Cao tried before to join the U.S. House of Representatives but did not win.

Washington

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Washington

Maria Cantwell has been a senator for many years. She was elected again in 2018. A doctor named Raul Garcia plans to run for office with another political party.

West Virginia

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia

Independent Joe Manchin, who was elected as a Democrat, chose not to run again in 2024. Because of this, many people thought the seat might change to the Republican Party for the first time in 68 years.

Popular governor Jim Justice won the Republican primary against U.S. representative Alex Mooney.

For the Democratic Party, Wheeling mayor Glenn Elliott, who had Manchin's support, won against community organizer and U.S. Marine Corps veteran Zachary Shrewsbury and former coal executive Don Blankenship in their primary.

Wisconsin

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

Tammy Baldwin wanted to be reelected after serving two terms as a Democrat. A man named Eric Hovde tried to become the Republican candidate. Another man, David Clarke, was thought to maybe run too, but he never started a campaign.

Wyoming

Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming

Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with most of the votes. In April 2024, Barrasso said he would run again. Scott Morrow, a former Postal Union president, was the Democratic nominee. Barrasso won against other Republicans, John Holtz and Reid Rasner, on August 20, 2024.