SafekipediaPolitics of Northern Ireland
Adapted from Wikipedia · Discoverer experience
Since 1998, Northern Ireland has had its own government within the United Kingdom. The government and Parliament of the United Kingdom handle certain important topics, while the Northern Ireland Executive and the Northern Ireland Assembly take care of most local matters. This system helps both parts of Ireland work together on issues like agriculture and health.
Elections for the Northern Ireland Assembly use a special voting method called the single transferable vote. People also elect representatives to the British parliament, but some choose not to take their seats. The Northern Ireland Office represents the British government in Northern Ireland, and the government of the Republic of Ireland can also share ideas on certain topics.
Most people in Northern Ireland support one of two main ideas: unionism, which wants to stay part of the United Kingdom, or Irish nationalism, which hopes for a united Ireland. These views are often linked to religious backgrounds, with many unionists being Protestant and nationalists being Roman Catholic. There is also a smaller group that supports an independent Northern Ireland.
Political representation
Northern Ireland has its own government called the Northern Ireland Assembly. It has 90 members, called MLAs. These members come from different groups: 37 are unionists, 35 are nationalists, and 18 are from other neutral groups. The Assembly got its powers back on May 8, 2007.
Northern Ireland also has 18 representatives in the United Kingdom's House of Commons. Right now, there are 8 unionist MPs, 9 nationalist MPs, and 1 neutral MP. At the local level, there are 11 district councils where people can vote.
Elections in Northern Ireland use different voting systems. For the Assembly and European elections, the single transferable vote system is used. This is a type of proportional representation, meaning the number of seats a group gets is close to the number of votes they receive. But for elections to the UK House of Commons, a "first past the post" or plurality voting system is used, where the candidate with the most votes wins, even if they don’t get over half of all votes.
Political parties
Main article: List of political parties in Northern Ireland
Political parties in Northern Ireland are mainly divided into three groups:
- Unionist parties, such as the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), and smaller ones like the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV)
- Nationalist parties like Sinn Féin and the SDLP
- Cross-community parties such as the Alliance Party, the Green Party and People Before Profit (PBP).
The Ulster Unionist Party used to be a large party that included people from all backgrounds. It led the government of Northern Ireland until 1972. The DUP, another major party, includes people from different areas and backgrounds. They have strong beliefs on many issues but have changed some of their views over time.
Sinn Féin, a nationalist party, has become more popular recently. It wants a united Ireland and used to be connected to groups that used violence, but now it focuses on getting support through voting. The SDLP is another nationalist party that also wants a united Ireland but strongly opposes using violence.
Cross-community parties, like the Alliance Party, try to bring people together without focusing on whether people want Northern Ireland to stay with the UK or join Ireland. Other parties include the Green Party and smaller groups.
Political demography
See also: Demographics of Northern Ireland and Religion in Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland was set up in 1920 to include areas where most people wanted to stay part of the United Kingdom. This created a system where people who supported staying in the UK were the majority.
Over time, more people in Northern Ireland have said they are Catholic, while fewer say they are Protestant. This change has been slower recently. Experts think that soon, more people might say they are Catholic than Protestant, especially in the west and south of Northern Ireland. In the east and north, Protestants are still expected to be more numerous. These predictions assume trends continue but at a slower pace. In the last 20 years, the number of people saying they are Protestant dropped by 10.5%, from 58.5% to 48%. The number saying they are Catholic rose by 3.5%, from 41.5% to 45%.
Between 2001 and 2011, many people moved to Northern Ireland after eight countries joined the European Union. Many of these new residents were from Poland and other countries. Most of these new residents were Catholic. In the 2011 census, 3.1% of Catholics were born in these countries, making up 1.24% of all people in Northern Ireland. This increase in Catholic residents from 2004 onwards did not change how people voted for political parties that want Ireland to be one country.
The religious groups in Northern Ireland have changed between 1961 and 2002.
Different areas of Northern Ireland have different religious groups. The group called "Protestant and other Christian" includes people like Quakers who are not tied to specific political views in Northern Ireland.
Views on the Union
A survey in 2018 found that 62% of people in Northern Ireland wanted to stay part of the United Kingdom, either with its own government or directly ruled from London. Only 19% wanted to leave the UK and join a united Ireland. Among Catholics, 39% wanted to stay in the UK, while 39% wanted a united Ireland. Among Protestants, 83% wanted to stay in the UK, and only 5% wanted to join Ireland. Some people were unsure or had mixed views. A small number of people, 4% of Catholics and 1% of Protestants, wanted Northern Ireland to be independent.
Elections in Northern Ireland are often seen as votes about whether to stay in the UK or join Ireland. People sometimes vote to support their community or for what benefits their social class.
In 2016, a poll asked people if they would support a vote to change Northern Ireland’s border. The answers varied by area, age, and religion.
National identity
People in Northern Ireland have different ideas about their national identity. Some feel British, seeing people from England, Scotland, and Wales as part of their nation, and people from Ireland as foreigners. Others see people from the Republic of Ireland as part of their nation and view people from Britain as foreigners. Some people feel both British and Irish, or have other mixed identities.
There is a link between religion and how people see their national identity, but it is not exact. For example, many Catholics see themselves as British, and many Protestants see themselves as Irish, though this is less common. In the 2011 census, most people who said they were British lived in 20 of the 26 areas, even though Protestants were only a majority in half of these areas. This is because Catholics were more likely to see themselves as British than Protestants were to see themselves as Irish. Also, people with no religion were more likely to see themselves as British than Irish.
In the 2011 census, people gave their national identity as follows.
National identity by religion
Detail by religion
National identity by district
National identity by religion or religion brought up in for each district
National identity by age
National identity and constitutional preference
The link between how people see their national identity and whether they think Northern Ireland should stay in the UK or join Ireland is strong but not exact. In 2016, a poll asked people about a possible vote on the border, and the answers depended on their national identity.
A report in 1997 noted that many people in Northern Ireland can accept others’ cultural identities only if they fit within their own main beliefs. Discussions can be difficult because there are no shared definitions for terms like “Irishness.”
Older polls from 1989 to 1994 showed that most Protestants saw themselves as British or from Ulster, while most Catholics saw themselves as Irish. A 2021 poll in Britain found that many British people feel only a little connected to Northern Ireland. More British people support Ireland becoming united than oppose it.
Many people in Northern Ireland feel both British and Irish or have other mixed identities. For example, a survey in 1999 found that most Catholics and many Protestants saw themselves as Irish to some degree. Many people with no specific religion also saw themselves as Irish.
Note: percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.
| Religions | 1961 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 34.9% | 38.4% | 40.3% | 40.8% | 42.3% |
| Presbyterian (Protestant) | 29.0% | 21.4% | 20.7% | 19.1% | 16.6% |
| Church of Ireland (Protestant) | 24.2% | 17.7% | 15.3% | 13.7% | 11.5% |
| Other religions (including other Protestant) | 9.3% | 11.5% | 9.9% | 9.6% | 10.6% |
| Not stated | 2.0% | 7.3% | 9.0% | 6.7% | 1.6% |
| None | 0.0% | 3.8% | 5.0% | 10.1% | 17.4% |
| District | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other or none | Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other or none | Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | No religion/not stated | Other | |
| Antrim | 35.2% | 47.2% | 17.6% | 37.5% | 43.2% | 19.2% | 38.1% | 39.0% | 21.6% | 1.3% |
| Ards | 10.4% | 68.7% | 20.9% | 10.9% | 65.4% | 23.6% | 10.9% | 58.8% | 29.2% | 1.1% |
| Armagh | 45.4% | 45.5% | 9.1% | 44.8% | 43.0% | 12.2% | 46.4% | 41.1% | 11.7% | 0.9% |
| Ballymena | 19.0% | 67.8% | 13.3% | 20.4% | 63.3% | 16.3% | 21.3% | 58.4% | 19.5% | 0.7% |
| Ballymoney | 29.5% | 59.1% | 11.3% | 29.6% | 56.7% | 13.6% | 30.0% | 53.8% | 15.5% | 0.6% |
| Banbridge | 28.6% | 58.7% | 12.7% | 29.4% | 55.3% | 15.3% | 31.0% | 49.4% | 18.6% | 0.9% |
| Belfast | 42.1% | 40.3% | 17.5% | 41.9% | 34.1% | 24.0% | 42.5% | 29.7% | 24.5% | 3.3% |
| Carrickfergus | 6.5% | 70.4% | 23.1% | 7.6% | 67.2% | 25.2% | 7.6% | 59.5% | 31.8% | 1.2% |
| Castlereagh | 15.8% | 64.9% | 19.3% | 19.5% | 57.3% | 23.2% | 21.8% | 48.4% | 28.2% | 1.7% |
| Coleraine | 24.1% | 60.5% | 15.4% | 25.0% | 56.8% | 18.2% | 25.3% | 52.5% | 21.2% | 1.0% |
| Cookstown | 55.2% | 38.0% | 6.8% | 55.1% | 34.0% | 11.0% | 58.2% | 31.8% | 9.6% | 0.4% |
| Craigavon | 41.7% | 46.7% | 11.6% | 42.1% | 42.1% | 15.8% | 43.4% | 37.7% | 17.5% | 1.4% |
| Derry | 70.9% | 20.8% | 8.4% | 67.4% | 19.4% | 13.1% | 70.3% | 18.0% | 10.6% | 1.0% |
| Down | 57.1% | 29.2% | 13.7% | 57.5% | 27.1% | 15.4% | 58.4% | 24.8% | 16.2% | 0.6% |
| Dungannon | 57.3% | 34.9% | 7.7% | 58.7% | 29.8% | 11.5% | 62.6% | 26.9% | 9.9% | 0.7% |
| Fermanagh | 55.5% | 36.1% | 8.4% | 54.9% | 34.3% | 10.8% | 55.8% | 32.1% | 11.2% | 0.9% |
| Larne | 22.2% | 61.9% | 15.9% | 21.8% | 59.7% | 18.5% | 21.3% | 54.7% | 23.3% | 0.7% |
| Limavady | 53.1% | 36.1% | 10.7% | 56.0% | 34.3% | 9.7% | 57.5% | 31.7% | 10.5% | 0.3% |
| Lisburn | 30.1% | 53.6% | 16.4% | 32.8% | 47.9% | 19.3% | 35.2% | 41.8% | 21.6% | 1.4% |
| Magherafelt | 61.5% | 32.0% | 6.5% | 62.4% | 28.3% | 9.3% | 65.0% | 26.2% | 8.1% | 0.7% |
| Moyle | 56.6% | 33.8% | 9.6% | 54.4% | 32.3% | 13.3% | 54.3% | 32.1% | 13.1% | 0.5% |
| Newry and Mourne | 75.9% | 16.4% | 7.7% | 72.1% | 15.2% | 12.7% | 75.1% | 14.9% | 9.3% | 0.7% |
| Newtownabbey | 17.1% | 64.5% | 18.4% | 19.9% | 57.8% | 22.3% | 22.1% | 51.0% | 25.6% | 1.4% |
| North Down | 10.0% | 64.5% | 25.5% | 11.2% | 60.3% | 28.5% | 11.6% | 52.2% | 34.9% | 1.4% |
| Omagh | 65.1% | 26.3% | 8.6% | 65.4% | 24.8% | 9.8% | 67.7% | 22.9% | 8.8% | 0.7% |
| Strabane | 63.1% | 30.9% | 6.0% | 60.1% | 30.7% | 9.2% | 63.0% | 29.5% | 7.0% | 0.5% |
| Religions | 2001 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic | 43.8% | 45.1% |
| All other Christian | 53.1% | 48.4% |
| Other Religions | 0.4% | 0.9% |
| None | 2.7% | 5.6% |
| Belfast City | Greater Belfast | Down | Armagh | Tyrone/Fermanagh | Derry | Antrim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vote to stay in the United Kingdom | 65% | 77% | 57% | 50% | 51% | 53% | 72% |
| Vote for Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland outside the United Kingdom | 17% | 10% | 27% | 41% | 28% | 28% | 17% |
| Don't know | 17% | 10% | 13% | 7% | 19% | 16% | 6% |
| Would not vote | 0% | 3% | 3% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 6% |
| Age band | 18–24 | 25–34 | 35–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 | 65+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vote to stay in the United Kingdom | 67% | 63% | 51% | 57% | 60% | 77% |
| Vote for Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland outside the United Kingdom | 19% | 19% | 30% | 28% | 22% | 14% |
| Don't know | 12% | 15% | 18% | 13% | 13% | 7% |
| Would not vote | 2% | 3% | 1% | 2% | 6% | 2% |
| Community background | Protestant | Catholic | Neither |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vote to stay in the United Kingdom | 88% | 37% | 51% |
| Vote for Northern Ireland to join the Republic of Ireland outside the United Kingdom | 5% | 43% | 15% |
| Don't know | 5% | 17% | 30% |
| Would not vote | 2% | 2% | 4% |
| National identity | Respondents |
|---|---|
| British | |
| Northern Irish | |
| Irish | |
| English, Scottish or Welsh | |
| Other |
| National Identity | All | Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other religions | No religion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| British | 48.4% | 12.9% | 81.6% | 50.1% | 55.9% |
| Irish | 28.4% | 57.2% | 3.9% | 12.4% | 14.0% |
| Northern Irish | 29.4% | 30.7% | 26.9% | 18.0% | 35.2% |
| English, Scottish or Welsh | 1.6% | 0.8% | 1.5% | 2.9% | 5.2% |
| All other | 3.4% | 4.4% | 1.0% | 29.1% | 7.1% |
| National identity | All | Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other religions | No religion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| British only | 39.9% | 10.3% | 68.3% | 42.4% | 42.9% |
| Irish only | 25.3% | 53.2% | 2.1% | 8.1% | 9.4% |
| Northern Irish only | 20.9% | 26.9% | 14.5% | 12.0% | 23.7% |
| British and Northern Irish only | 6.2% | 0.9% | 11.1% | 3.3% | 7.9% |
| Irish and Northern Irish only | 1.1% | 2.0% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.8% |
| British, Irish and Northern Irish only | 1.0% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 2.1% |
| British and Irish only | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 1.0% |
| English, Scottish or Welsh only | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 2.1% | 3.5% |
| Other | 4.0% | 4.7% | 1.6% | 29.9% | 8.7% |
| Total | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| District | British | Irish | Northern Irish | English, Scottish or Welsh | All Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antrim | 55.2% | 20.1% | 30.4% | 2.3% | 3.9% |
| Ards | 73.6% | 7.5% | 31.9% | 1.9% | 1.5% |
| Armagh | 44.4% | 32.4% | 27.1% | 1.1% | 3.9% |
| Ballymena | 69.0% | 11.1% | 27.9% | 1.4% | 3.8% |
| Ballymoney | 60.6% | 16.4% | 30.9% | 1.7% | 1.7% |
| Banbridge | 61.1% | 16.2% | 31.8% | 1.5% | 1.8% |
| Belfast | 43.2% | 34.8% | 26.8% | 1.5% | 5.1% |
| Carrickfergus | 76.5% | 5.3% | 30.3% | 2.1% | 1.8% |
| Castlereagh | 66.2% | 14.7% | 31.3% | 1.5% | 2.6% |
| Coleraine | 62.4% | 14.5% | 31.6% | 2.0% | 3.2% |
| Cookstown | 37.3% | 33.5% | 32.1% | 1.2% | 3.7% |
| Craigavon | 48.3% | 25.6% | 28.7% | 1.4% | 6.4% |
| Derry | 23.7% | 55.0% | 24.6% | 1.4% | 2.0% |
| Down | 40.2% | 32.2% | 34.1% | 1.9% | 2.0% |
| Dungannon | 30.9% | 38.8% | 27.1% | 0.9% | 9.6% |
| Fermanagh | 37.2% | 36.1% | 29.5% | 1.7% | 3.1% |
| Larne | 69.8% | 10.1% | 31.4% | 2.1% | 1.2% |
| Limavady | 42.2% | 32.0% | 30.7% | 1.5% | 1.4% |
| Lisburn | 55.6% | 24.7% | 28.7% | 2.0% | 2.4% |
| Magherafelt | 31.4% | 42.7% | 29.8% | 1.0% | 2.8% |
| Moyle | 38.6% | 34.1% | 32.1% | 2.2% | 1.4% |
| Newry and Mourne | 20.2% | 53.0% | 27.6% | 1.2% | 4.3% |
| Newtownabbey | 66.5% | 13.4% | 31.2% | 1.3% | 2.4% |
| North Down | 71.1% | 9.1% | 33.0% | 3.0% | 2.4% |
| Omagh | 28.6% | 40.9% | 32.7% | 1.1% | 3.4% |
| Strabane | 33.0% | 39.2% | 31.8% | 1.4% | 1.3% |
| District | Catholic | Protestant and other Christian | Other Religion or None | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| British | Irish | Northern Irish | All Other | British | Irish | Northern Irish | All Other | British | Irish | Northern Irish | All Other | |
| Antrim | 23.1% | 43.7% | 34.2% | 7.1% | 80.6% | 3.1% | 27.8% | 3.3% | 60.4% | 6.5% | 26.8% | 19.0% |
| Ards | 34.1% | 31.7% | 38.2% | 6.4% | 80.9% | 3.7% | 30.4% | 2.2% | 67.7% | 6.0% | 35.1% | 9.1% |
| Armagh | 7.1% | 62.5% | 28.7% | 6.2% | 81.6% | 3.6% | 25.7% | 2.3% | 49.3% | 10.5% | 25.1% | 25.3% |
| Ballymena | 24.6% | 38.9% | 34.7% | 11.0% | 83.6% | 2.7% | 25.7% | 2.5% | 62.3% | 6.5% | 28.4% | 14.4% |
| Ballymoney | 19.0% | 44.5% | 38.8% | 4.1% | 81.1% | 2.9% | 27.2% | 2.2% | 65.1% | 8.4% | 28.0% | 13.3% |
| Banbridge | 22.6% | 41.7% | 39.4% | 4.5% | 81.2% | 3.8% | 27.7% | 2.0% | 59.1% | 8.3% | 33.8% | 11.5% |
| Belfast | 11.7% | 64.3% | 25.0% | 5.6% | 78.3% | 5.5% | 28.7% | 3.6% | 47.7% | 13.3% | 27.5% | 26.3% |
| Carrickfergus | 41.1% | 24.6% | 35.6% | 10.7% | 82.0% | 3.0% | 29.2% | 2.4% | 68.3% | 5.3% | 33.7% | 8.5% |
| Castlereagh | 22.1% | 50.0% | 34.5% | 6.3% | 81.3% | 3.9% | 29.9% | 2.3% | 61.9% | 8.9% | 33.7% | 11.8% |
| Coleraine | 25.0% | 39.2% | 36.5% | 8.4% | 79.1% | 4.3% | 29.3% | 2.6% | 56.5% | 10.3% | 33.4% | 16.8% |
| Cookstown | 8.1% | 53.8% | 37.7% | 5.2% | 82.5% | 3.6% | 24.0% | 2.1% | 44.2% | 9.1% | 24.4% | 31.5% |
| Craigavon | 12.2% | 51.2% | 31.5% | 10.6% | 82.5% | 3.2% | 26.3% | 2.7% | 49.9% | 9.1% | 26.7% | 26.4% |
| Derry | 7.3% | 70.5% | 24.3% | 2.5% | 76.7% | 7.2% | 25.9% | 3.5% | 39.4% | 24.7% | 21.9% | 26.2% |
| Down | 20.1% | 47.4% | 37.1% | 2.9% | 77.4% | 5.6% | 28.7% | 3.6% | 52.1% | 14.4% | 32.1% | 16.7% |
| Dungannon | 5.7% | 57.6% | 28.6% | 13.0% | 79.6% | 4.5% | 24.5% | 3.0% | 33.3% | 12.0% | 22.8% | 42.1% |
| Fermanagh | 11.4% | 56.2% | 32.4% | 4.8% | 77.1% | 6.2% | 25.5% | 3.0% | 43.4% | 16.8% | 24.0% | 28.1% |
| Larne | 38.8% | 30.6% | 37.7% | 3.0% | 81.7% | 3.0% | 28.6% | 2.5% | 64.1% | 6.5% | 35.4% | 12.1% |
| Limavady | 18.1% | 50.5% | 34.4% | 2.5% | 79.8% | 4.1% | 24.9% | 2.5% | 51.4% | 10.9% | 28.8% | 18.7% |
| Lisburn | 16.5% | 58.6% | 27.8% | 4.3% | 80.2% | 4.7% | 29.0% | 3.2% | 62.2% | 8.8% | 30.3% | 13.9% |
| Magherafelt | 6.5% | 62.1% | 33.0% | 3.8% | 82.4% | 4.2% | 23.1% | 2.3% | 46.9% | 13.4% | 30.2% | 22.1% |
| Moyle | 14.6% | 53.1% | 35.3% | 2.8% | 76.3% | 5.0% | 27.8% | 3.3% | 49.4% | 17.8% | 23.8% | 19.8% |
| Newry and Mourne | 7.1% | 64.7% | 28.0% | 5.0% | 76.3% | 5.8% | 26.8% | 3.8% | 34.6% | 22.8% | 22.1% | 28.9% |
| Newtownabbey | 24.7% | 46.1% | 34.1% | 5.7% | 80.9% | 3.4% | 30.1% | 1.7% | 63.1% | 7.3% | 32.1% | 12.3% |
| North Down | 37.1% | 31.5% | 36.1% | 9.7% | 78.8% | 5.2% | 31.9% | 3.4% | 63.7% | 7.9% | 35.7% | 11.6% |
| Omagh | 8.7% | 55.7% | 36.0% | 4.4% | 78.5% | 4.9% | 25.0% | 2.5% | 40.6% | 15.9% | 23.7% | 28.9% |
| Strabane | 8.9% | 57.4% | 35.4% | 2.6% | 79.2% | 4.7% | 25.2% | 1.9% | 40.9% | 21.1% | 25.5% | 26.4% |
| Ages attained (years) | British | Irish | Northern Irish | English, Scottish or Welsh | All other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 15 | 45.1% | 31.4% | 30.5% | 0.9% | 3.6% |
| 16 to 24 | 44.2% | 32.3% | 29.6% | 1.5% | 3.3% |
| 25 to 34 | 40.5% | 31.0% | 30.0% | 1.7% | 8.6% |
| 35 to 44 | 47.3% | 28.7% | 29.3% | 2.1% | 4.5% |
| 45 to 54 | 50.8% | 28.3% | 28.0% | 1.9% | 2.2% |
| 55 to 64 | 54.5% | 24.9% | 28.8% | 1.9% | 1.1% |
| 65 to 74 | 57.5% | 21.3% | 29.8% | 1.7% | 0.4% |
| 75 to 84 | 58.6% | 19.6% | 29.1% | 1.6% | 0.3% |
| 85 and over | 61.7% | 18.0% | 26.5% | 2.0% | 0.2% |
| National Identity | British only | Irish only | Northern Irish only | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vote to stay in the United Kingdom | 86% | 31% | 62% | 61% |
| Northern Ireland to be joined with the Republic of Ireland outside of the United Kingdom | 4% | 56% | 18% | 13% |
| Don't know | 7% | 12% | 18% | 21% |
| Would not vote | 3% | 1% | 2% | 5% |
| Catholic | Protestant | No religion | ALL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly or weakly | 36% | 96% | 83% | 70% |
| Not at all | 62% | 4% | 15% | 28% |
| Don't know | 2% | 1% | 2% | 2% |
| Catholic | Protestant | No religion | ALL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly or weakly | 91% | 48% | 55% | 65% |
| Not at all | 9% | 51% | 43% | 33% |
| Don't know | 1% | 2% | 2% | 2% |
| Catholic | Protestant | No religion | ALL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly or weakly | 38% | 83% | 61% | 63% |
| Not at all | 61% | 16% | 35% | 36% |
| Don't know | 1% | 1% | 4% | 2% |
| Catholic | Protestant | No religion | ALL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strongly or weakly | 72% | 85% | 78% | 78% |
| Not at all | 28% | 15% | 20% | 21% |
| Don't know | 1% | 1% | 2% | 1% |
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