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Speed of light

Adapted from Wikipedia · Explorer experience

A diagram showing the distance between Earth and the Sun, perfect for learning about our solar system!

Speed of Light

The speed of light is a very special number that never changes. It tells us how fast light can travel. Light zips along at about 300,000 kilometers every second! That’s super fast—like going around the whole Earth seven times in just one hour.

Light is a kind of energy that helps us see. We see stars, the Sun, and everything around us because of light. Even when we use flashlights or look at screens, we are seeing light. All kinds of light, like the colors of a rainbow, move at this same super speed.

The speed of light helps us understand the universe. When we look at stars, we are seeing them as they were in the past because it takes time for their light to reach us. Scientists use the speed of light to measure big distances, like how far away planets are.

Long ago, a smart scientist named Ole Rømer noticed something special about the moons of Jupiter. He saw that light took time to travel, which helped us learn about how fast it moves. Later, Albert Einstein used the speed of light in his big ideas about space and time.

The speed of light is written with the letter c. It is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second. This number helps scientists measure distances and understand how the universe works.

The speed of light is the fastest anything can go. Nothing can move faster than light, not even tiny particles or powerful rockets. It is a wonderful reminder of how amazing and fast our universe can be!

Images

An animation showing the Earth and Moon with the speed of light traveling between them, created using NASA data.
Scientist Albert Michelson and his team used this long vacuum tube with mirrors to measure the speed of light in the 1930s. Light beams bounced back and forth through the tube to help calculate how fast light travels.
Portrait of scientists Albert Einstein and Hendrik Antoon Lorentz taken in 1921 in Leiden.
A stunning view of Earth rising over the lunar horizon, as seen by astronauts during the Apollo 8 mission.
Animation showing how waves move: front velocity, group velocity, and phase velocity
A 17th-century diagram showing how astronomer Ole Rømer measured the speed of light by observing the eclipses of Jupiter's moon Io from different points in Earth's orbit.

Related articles

This article is a child-friendly adaptation of the Wikipedia article on Speed of light, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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