Comparison of Linux distributions

Linux distributions are different versions of the Linux operating system, used to run computers. These versions vary in how they support hardware devices and organize software.

When comparing these distributions, important factors include how well they work with devices, how quickly they provide safety updates, and how easy it is to add or change software using tools called package managers. Each distribution offers different numbers of software packages for users to choose from.

These tables show how well-known distributions compare based on many features, but they do not include opinions about which one is better or compare them to other operating systems.

General

The table below shows simple facts about different Linux distributions. It includes who created them, who updates them, when they were first released, and what the latest version is.

Linux distributions supported by the Free Software Foundation are shown as 100% Free in the section about the system's promises.

Technical

Linux can work with many different ways to organize files, called file systems. Some common ones include ext2, ext3, ext4, Btrfs, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, XFS, GFS2, OCFS2, and NILFS. You can choose which one to use when you set up Linux.

Linux can also read and write files from other types of computers, like those using Unix, Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh systems. It supports file systems such as FAT, HFS, and NTFS. Whether you’re using a hard drive, a CD, a DVD, a USB stick, or even a file inside another file system, Linux can handle it.

Instruction set architecture support

Linux can run on many kinds of computers, not just the most common ones. This ability to work on different machines was one of the first special features added to the Linux kernel.

Package management and installation

Linux distributions handle software in different ways. Some, like Debian, split tools into many small pieces. This includes parts for stable versions, extra features, help files, and testing tools. This makes the total number of packages seem larger. For RPM Package Manager systems and Arch-based systems, the numbers shown are for the main software pieces that become ready-to-use programs.

Live media

Live media allows you to try out a Linux distribution without installing it on your computer. You can use a USB flash drive or a DVD to boot your computer from the live media. This way, you can see how the distribution works and if you like it, before deciding to install it permanently.

Live media is useful if you are new to Linux or if you want to test different distributions without changing your current operating system. It’s a safe way to explore and learn.

Security features

Different versions of Linux work better with different devices and software. Some focus on keeping systems safe by offering quick updates when new threats appear. Others make it easier to add and manage programs, and some include more programs to choose from.

Apple Silicon Support

Apple Silicon Support refers to whether a Linux distribution can run on computers with Apple’s new silicon processors. Some distributions work well on these computers, while others may have limited support.