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Miami-Dade County, Florida

Adapted from Wikipedia · Adventurer experience

A beautiful view of the Miami skyline showing the city's buildings and waterfront.

Miami-Dade County is a large area in the southeastern part of Florida. Before 1997, it was called Dade County. It is the most populous county in Florida and one of the biggest in the United States, with over 2.7 million people living there.

The county's main city is Miami, which is part of one of the largest cities in the world, with more than 6 million people. Miami-Dade County has a strong economy. It is home to important places like the Port of Miami and Miami International Airport.

Miami-Dade County is also known for its diverse population. The county includes many cities and areas, from busy urban sections with tall buildings to quieter agricultural areas. It also includes parts of Everglades National Park and Biscayne National Park, offering both city life and natural beauty.

History

Further information: History of Miami

See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Native people

The first signs of people in the Miami area are from about 12,000 years ago. These people lived along the Miami River, with their main villages on the north side.

When Europeans came, the area was home to the Tequesta people. They controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta fished, hunted, and gathered food. They did not farm much. They had special ways to bury their dead. The Tequesta are known for creating the Miami Circle.

European explorers and settlers

Juan Ponce de León was the first European to visit the area in 1513. He sailed into Biscayne Bay and wrote about a place called Chequescha, an early name for Miami. It is not known if he landed or met the local people. Later, in 1566, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and his group landed near a Tequesta village. Spanish soldiers built a small mission there, but it did not last long. After the Spanish left, diseases from Europe hurt the Tequesta, and many died. By 1711, some Tequesta leaders traveled to Havana, Cuba, asking to move there. Spanish ships came to help, but many Tequesta died from diseases on the ships.

The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 1800s. People from the Bahamas came to South Florida and the Keys to look for treasure from ships that had sunk near the Florida Reef. Some stayed and were given land along the Miami River. Around the same time, the Seminole Indians and some freed slaves also arrived. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, led by Major William S. Harney. Most people who were not Native American were soldiers at Fort Dallas. This war was very hard and caused many people to leave Miami.

After the war ended in 1842, William English started a farm along the Miami River. He created a small village called "Miami" on the south side of the river and sold land to others. In 1844, Miami became the main town of the area. A later war called the Third Seminole War was not as bad but still slowed down growth in the area. Some soldiers stayed after the war ended.

Julia Tuttle is credited as Miami's founder.

Establishment

Dade County was created on February 4, 1836, by an act of the United States government. The county was named after Major Francis L. Dade, who died in 1835 during the Second Seminole War.

At first, the county was going to be called "Pinckney County", after a man named Thomas Pinckney from South Carolina. However, when news came that Major Dade had died, leaders changed the name to honor him. When Dade County was created, it included lands that are now part of Palm Beach and Broward counties, as well as the Florida Keys. The main town was first at Indian Key in the Keys, then moved to Miami in 1844. In 1866, some of the Keys went back to Monroe County. In 1888, the main town moved to Juno, near today’s Juno Beach, Florida, but returned to Miami in 1899. In 1909, Palm Beach County was formed from the northern part of Dade County. In 1915, parts of Dade and Palm Beach counties came together to create Broward County. Since 1915, the borders of the county have not changed much.

Hurricane Andrew

The third-costliest natural disaster in United States history was Hurricane Andrew. It hit Miami early on the morning of August 24, 1992. The storm struck the southern part of the county, south of Miami and close to Homestead, Kendall, and Cutler Ridge, later called Cutler Bay. Damage in the county was very large, and it took years to fix the area where the storm was strongest. Hurricane Andrew was the costliest disaster in U.S. history until Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in 2005.

Name change

Miami-Dade County tried to change its name five times between 1958 and 1990, but each time voters said no.

On November 13, 1997, voters changed the county’s name from "Dade County" to "Miami-Dade County" to use the well-known name of Miami. This change happened because the county had the right to change its own name, without needing approval from the Florida Legislature. After this change, Miami-Dade County became the only county in the United States with a name that uses a hyphen.

Attempts to change the name of Miami-Dade County
Proposed nameYearYesNo
Miami County195831%69%
County of Miami196334%66%
Miami–Dade County197634%66%
Miami–Dade County198427%73%
Metropolitan Miami–Dade County199013%87%

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county covers 2,431 square miles (6,300 km2). Of this, 1,898 square miles (4,920 km2) is land and 533 square miles (1,380 km2) is water. It is the third-largest county in Florida by land area and second-largest by total area. Most of the water is in the Biscayne Bay, with some in the Atlantic Ocean.

Miami-Dade County is only about 6 feet (1.8 m) above sea level. The city of Miami Beach, including the South Beach area and its Art Deco buildings, sits on islands along the coast. The Florida Keys stretch out to the south-southwest and can only be reached through Miami-Dade County, though most are in nearby Monroe County. Miami is 68 miles (109 km) from West Palm Beach, and 30 miles (48 km) from Fort Lauderdale.

Communities

The Miami River in Downtown Miami in May 2008

Main article: List of communities in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Miami-Dade County has 34 towns and cities, 38 census-designated places, and 16 unincorporated areas.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics

As of the 2020 census, Miami-Dade County had a population of 2,701,767 people. The median age was 41 years. About 19.4% of the residents were younger than 18, and 17.2% were 65 years or older. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males.

In 2010, 28.1% of people spoke only English at home, while 63.8% spoke Spanish. Other languages spoken included 4.2% French Creole (mainly Haitian Creole), 0.6% French, and 0.6% Portuguese. About 52% of the county’s residents were born outside the United States.

Racial and ethnic composition

2020 census

Languages

Religious statistics

In 2010, the largest religious group in Miami-Dade County was the Archdiocese of Miami, followed by many other groups including non-denominational followers, SBC Baptists, NBC Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, AoG Pentecostals, LDS Mormons, TEC Episcopalians, and UMC Methodists. There are also communities of Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists.

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1840446
1850159−64.3%
186083−47.8%
1870852.4%
1880257202.4%
1890861235.0%
19004,955475.5%
191011,933140.8%
192042,753258.3%
1930142,955234.4%
1940267,73987.3%
1950495,08484.9%
1960935,04788.9%
19701,267,79235.6%
19801,625,78128.2%
19901,937,09419.1%
20002,253,36216.3%
20102,496,43510.8%
20202,701,7678.2%
2025 (est.)2,802,029 Increase3.7%
U.S. Decennial Census
1840–1970 1980 1990
2000 2010 2020 2022
Miami-Dade County, Florida – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 1980Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2010Pop 2020% 1980% 1990% 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)754,443585,607465,772383,551361,51746.40%30.23%20.67%15.36%13.38%
Black or African American alone (NH)269,670369,621427,140425,650378,75616.59%19.08%18.96%17.05%14.02%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)1,7272,0021,9902,0141,5890.11%0.10%0.09%0.08%0.06%
Asian alone (NH)12,26424,05430,53735,84141,6720.75%1.24%1.36%1.44%1.54%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)x x 524468385xx0.02%0.02%0.01%
Other race alone (NH)6,6832,4034,0264,95314,6670.41%0.12%0.18%0.20%0.54%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)x x 31,63620,09946,243xx1.40%0.81%1.71%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)580,994953,4071,291,7371,623,8591,856,93835.74%49.22%57.32%65.05%68.73%
Total1,625,7811,937,0942,253,3622,496,4352,701,767100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%
Race2020
White29.5%
Black14.8%
Asian1.6%
Mixed41.9%
Native American0.3%
Other11.8%
Population2,701,767
Social demographic20202010200019901980
Households1,074,685989,435852,278692,355609,830
Persons per household2.512.522.642.802.67
Sex Ratio92.693.893.592.089.5
Ages 0–1719.4%21.9%24.8%24.2%24.0%
Ages 18–6463.4%64.0%61.9%61.8%60.3%
Ages 65 +17.2%14.1%13.3%14.0%15.7%
Median age41.038.235.634.234.7
Population2,701,7672,496,4352,253,3621,937,0941,625,781
Economic indicators
2018–22 American Community SurveyMiami-Dade CountyFlorida
Median income$35,899$37,826
Median household income$64,215$67,917
Poverty Rate15.3%12.9%
High school diploma82.7%89.3%
Bachelor's degree32.5%32.3%
Advanced degree12.3%12.1%
Language spoken at home20202010200019901980
English24.9%27.7%32.1%42.6%57.2%
Spanish or Spanish Creole66.5%63.9%59.2%50.1%36.3%
French or Haitian Creole4.9%5.0%5.1%3.8%1.3%
Other Languages3.8%3.4%3.6%3.5%1.3%
Nativity20202010200019901980
% population native-born46.0%48.8%49.1%54.9%64.4%
... born in the United States43.0%45.7%46.0%51.5%61.9%
... born in Puerto Rico or Island Areas1.7%2.0%2.3%2.3%2.5%
... born to American parents abroad1.3%1.1%0.7%1.0%
% population foreign-born54.0%51.2%50.9%45.3%35.6%
... born in Cuba25.2%24.0%23.3%22.1%20.0%
... born in Venezuela3.7%1.6%1.1%0.5%N/A
... born in Colombia3.7%3.5%3.6%2.2%N/A
... born in Haiti2.9%3.0%3.2%2.3%N/A
... born in Nicaragua2.8%3.3%3.8%3.5%N/A
... born in Honduras1.8%1.9%1.5%0.8%N/A
... born in the Dominican Republic1.4%1.5%1.6%0.8%0.4%
... born in Peru1.2%1.3%1.2%0.8%N/A
... born in Mexico1.1%1.1%0.9%0.5%0.3%
... born in Argentina1.0%0.9%0.7%0.4%N/A
... born in Jamaica0.9%1.1%1.5%1.6%0.9%
... born in Guatemala0.8%0.6%0.5%0.3%N/A
... born in Brazil0.7%0.5%0.6%0.2%N/A
... born in Ecuador0.7%0.6%0.6%0.3%N/A
... born in El Salvador0.5%0.6%0.5%0.3%N/A
... born in Spain0.4%0.3%0.4%0.5%N/A
... born in Chile0.4%0.4%0.4%0.4%N/A
... born in Panama0.3%0.3%0.3%0.3%N/A
... born in Italy0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.3%
... born in Russia0.2%0.1%0.1%1.0%1.0%
... born in Canada0.2%0.2%0.2%0.3%0.5%
... born in the Bahamas0.2%0.2%N/A0.4%N/A
... born in the United Kingdom0.1%0.1%0.2%0.3%0.4%
... born in Germany0.1%0.2%0.2%0.3%0.5%
... born in Poland0.1%0.2%0.3%0.7%
... born in other countries3.5%5.2%5.6%6.9%12.3%

Law, government, and politics

Main article: Government of Miami-Dade County

Miami-Dade County has a special way of running its government. This system has two levels: city and county. There are 34 cities in the county, and Miami is the largest.

Cities take care of local services like police and fire. The county handles bigger services like airports and public transportation. Some people live outside the cities, and for them, the county acts like both a city and a county.

Structure of county government

See also: List of mayors of Miami-Dade County, Florida

The Mayor of Miami-Dade County is chosen by everyone in the county to serve for four years. The mayor appoints leaders for different county departments.

There is also a Board of County Commissioners with 13 members who make laws and rules for the county.

The Stephen P. Clark Government Center, June 2018

Florida’s Constitution allows each county to have five important elected leaders, but Miami-Dade County decided to combine some of these roles into county departments.

Miami-Dade County did not have an elected sheriff until January 6, 2024. Before that, law enforcement was handled by the Miami-Dade Police Department.

Politics

Overview

Miami-Dade County has often voted for Democratic Party candidates in presidential elections. However, in 2024, the county voted for Republican Donald Trump.

The county has shifted more towards Republican voters in recent years, especially because of the large number of Cuban Americans and other Hispanic Americans who support the Republican Party.

Miami-Dade County is represented in the United States House of Representatives by both Republicans and Democrats.

Registered voters as of June 30, 2025
Total population2,701,767 (2020 census)
Registered voters1,287,549~47%
Democratic416,43932.34%
Republican450,53234.99%
Republican-Democratic spread+34,093 +2.65% 
Minor parties30,2812.35%
No party preference390,29730.31%
Previous gubernatorial elections results
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird parties
202255.3% 393,53244.0% 312,9720.7% 5,347
201839.0% 311,58159.8% 478,9581.1% 8,483
201439.3% 205,01758.4% 304,7212.2% 11,684
201042.0% 204,91856.2% 274,6381.8% 8,332
200645.3% 183,45753.3% 215,9301.4% 5,558
200253.0% 266,10746.5% 233,4690.6% 2,878
199852.5% 200,80147.5% 181,7240.0% 0
199448.0% 198,37152.0% 215,2760.0% 1
199037.3% 138,41762.7% 232,5420.0% 2

Economy

See also: List of companies based in Miami

With 16,479 employees as of 2021, the University of Miami in Coral Gables is the county's second-largest employer after Baptist Health South Florida.
The headquarters of Burger King in April 2025

Some big companies like Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Latin Flavors, Norwegian Cruise Line, Lennar, and Ryder have their main offices in parts of the county that are not part of any city. Other airlines such as Centurion Air Cargo, Florida West International Airways, IBC Airways, and World Atlantic Airlines also have their offices at Miami International Airport.

Hewlett Packard has its main offices for Latin America in a building called the Waterford Building in the county.

More companies with offices in the county include AstraZeneca, Gategroup, Unicomer Group, and Goya Foods.

The headquarters of Norwegian Cruise Line in January 2008

Some airlines that used to be based near the airport are now closed.

After Frank Borman became leader of Eastern Airlines in 1975, he moved the company's headquarters from Rockefeller Center in Midtown Manhattan, New York City to a part of Miami-Dade County.

Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, the primary teaching hospital of the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine and the largest hospital in the United States with 1,547 beds

Top private employers

According to Miami's Beacon Council, these were the top private employers in 2014 in Miami-Dade.

Top government employers

According to Miami's Beacon Council, these were the top government employers in 2014 in the county.

Agriculture

Miami-Dade County is an important place for growing okra in Florida, with farmers using about 1,000 to 1,500 acres each year. The University of Florida gives tips to help keep the plants healthy.

The county has strict rules about some farming chemicals. It was the first place in the state to find a harmful fruit fly in 2010, which led to trapping efforts. The county also deals with challenges from invasive ants and has the largest plant nursery business in Florida, though it does not raise much livestock.

Public services

Fire rescue

Miami-Dade Fire Rescue (MDFR) helps keep people safe from fires and gives medical help in emergencies for Miami-Dade County, Florida. This group works in 29 towns and all areas that are not part of any town, using 60 stations. They also help keep people safe at Miami International Airport, Miami Executive Airport and Opa-locka Airport.

Miami-Dade Fire Rescue has a special team called Urban Search and Rescue Florida Task Force 1 and many vehicles for giving medical help.

Miami Fire Rescue is a different group that helps keep the City of Miami, Florida safe. It works only for this city and uses 15 stations.

Other towns have their own safety groups too, like Hialeah Fire Rescue for Hialeah, Florida, Miami Beach Fire Rescue for Miami Beach, Florida, Coral Gables Fire Rescue for Coral Gables, Florida, and Key Biscayne Fire Rescue for Key Biscayne, Florida.

Law Enforcement

The Miami-Dade Sheriff's Office is the main police group for the areas of Miami-Dade County that are not part of any town. It also helps other towns when needed. This is the biggest police group in Florida. The leader of this group is Rosie Cordero-Stutz. Their main office is in Doral, Florida.

Every town in Miami-Dade County has its own police group that works together with the Miami-Dade Sheriff's Office. These groups include:

Water and sewer department

The Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department helps provide clean water and proper sewage handling to over 2.4 million people. They take water from a natural source every day for people to use. They have many miles of pipes and stations to manage this.

Corrections department

Miami-Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department is the group that handles people who have broken the law.

Aviation department

The Miami-Dade Aviation Department (MDAD) runs Miami International Airport, Miami Executive Airport, Opa-locka Executive Airport, Homestead General Aviation Airport, and Dade-Collier Training and Transition Airport.

County representation

The Florida Department of Juvenile Justice runs a special center for young people in an area that is not part of any town in the county.

Public libraries

Further information: Miami-Dade Public Library System

The Miami-Dade Public Library System started in the late 1800s with a small reading room in Lemon City. Over time, many small libraries joined together to form one big system. After a big storm in 1992, many libraries were damaged, but new ones were built later. Today, the system has many branches and two vehicles that bring books to people, serving most of the county except for a few towns. The system is managed by the Miami-Dade County leaders.

Education

The University of Miami in Coral Gables is a top research university in the United States. Florida International University in Westchester is one of the largest universities in the country. Miami Dade College in Miami has over 100,000 students, making it one of the biggest colleges in the U.S.

Miami-Dade County Public Schools is the fourth-largest school district in the nation, with almost 360,000 students. The district is run by an elected School Board and managed by a Superintendent of Schools. There are also many private and public schools, along with a large public library system that has 50 branches.

Sites of interest

Miami-Dade County has many interesting places to visit. You can see art at the Bass Museum of Art in Miami Beach and the Frost Art Museum at Florida International University in Miami. You can also visit the Coral Castle in Homestead Miami.

There are places for shows and animals, like the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Miami and Jungle Island in Miami.

The county has many places to watch sports. Well-known spots include Hard Rock Stadium, where the Miami Dolphins play football, and LoanDepot Park, where the Miami Marlins play baseball. Other spots are Kaseya Center for basketball and Nu Stadium for soccer.

Museums

Culture and wildlife

Other areas and attractions

Parks

Sports venues

See also: Florida Panthers, Inter Miami CF, Miami Dolphins, Miami Heat, Miami Hurricanes, and Miami Marlins

Miami-Dade County has many places for sports. Some of these places are:

Former venues include:

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in South Florida

Airports

Miami International Airport is the main airport in Miami-Dade County. It is very busy, with many people flying in and out each year. The airport is a big center for American Airlines, the largest airline in the world. It has flights to many places in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.

Other airports in Miami-Dade County include:

Public transit

Public transportation in Miami-Dade County is managed by Miami-Dade Transit. It includes Metrorail, a train system; Metromover, a small train in downtown Miami; and Metrobus, a bus system that covers the whole county. Some cities also have free trolleys that connect with the main transit system.

The county is also served by Tri-Rail, a train that connects Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties, as well as Amtrak and Brightline for travel between cities. The Miami Intermodal Center (MIC) links the airport with these and other transport options.

Major expressways

Miami-Dade County has many big highways and roads. Some of the main ones include:

Street grid

Miami-Dade County uses a grid system for its streets. This grid starts in downtown Miami, with Miami Avenue running north-south and Flagler Street running east-west. Addresses are numbered based on how far they are from these main streets. While this system works well in most of the county, some cities like Hialeah and Coral Gables have their own street naming systems, which can be confusing.

#Road Name(s)Direction and Termini
CR 854Ives Dairy RoadSR 817US 1
CR 905ACard Sound RoadMonroe County lineUS 1
CR 913Crandon Boulevard / Rickenbacker Causeway
CR 948Lindgren Road
CR 959Southwest 57th Avenue
CR 973Galloway Road
CR 992Coral Reef Drive
CR 9823Northwest 67th Avenue
Northwest 68th Avenue
N/SSR 826Palm Springs NorthBroward County linePalm Springs North

Communities

Main article: List of communities in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Miami-Dade County has many places where people live, work, and play. These places include big cities and smaller towns and neighborhoods. Each community has its own special features that make it unique.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Miami

Miami-Dade County has been home to many famous people. These people have become well-known in different areas, such as entertainment and sports. You can see a full list of these notable individuals at the list of people from Miami.

Sister cities

See also: List of sister cities in Florida

Miami-Dade County has many sister cities around the world. Some of these cities include:

Images

Lifeguards keep watch from their stand at South Beach in Miami, ready to help swimmers and visitors enjoy the sunny shores safely.
A sunny view of Ocean Drive in South Beach, Miami, showing the famous street lined with buildings and cars.
A scenic view of the Venetian Pool and nearby buildings.
A boardwalk through the Everglades, a beautiful natural area in Florida.
The American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida, as seen before it was renamed the Kaseya Center.
A beautiful underwater view of coral reefs in Biscayne National Park, Florida.

Related articles

This article is a child-friendly adaptation of the Wikipedia article on Miami-Dade County, Florida, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

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