Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville is the biggest city in the state of Florida. It is on the Atlantic coast in the northeastern part of the state. People often call it "Jax" for short. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida and one of the biggest cities in the United States.

The city sits along the St. Johns River and is close to the Jacksonville Beaches. The area has a long history and was originally home to the Timucua people. Later, Spanish, French, and British explorers came there. The city was named after Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States.

Today, Jacksonville is an important place for military operations, with several major bases nearby. It also has a busy deep-water port. The city’s economy includes banking, healthcare, and tourism, especially golf, because the PGA Tour headquarters is located nearby. People who live in or come from Jacksonville are known as Jacksonvillians.

History

Main article: History of Jacksonville, Florida

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Jacksonville, Florida.

Early history

Main articles: New France, French Florida, Fort Caroline, Spanish assault on French Florida, Spanish Florida, and East Florida

The area where Jacksonville is today has been home to people for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island, scientists found old pieces of pottery from the year 2500 BCE.

From 1565 to 1821, this area was part of Spanish Florida, ruled from St. Augustine. In the 1500s, the Mocama people, part of the Timucua tribe, lived here. Their main town was called Saturiwa, near where the St. Johns River meets the ocean.

In 1562, a French explorer named Jean Ribault found the St. Johns River and called it the River of May. In 1564, another French explorer, René Goulaine de Laudonnière, built one of the first European settlements at Fort Caroline.

In 1565, Spanish soldiers took control of Fort Caroline. Later, Spain gave Florida to Britain, and the British built roads and encouraged people to move there.

Founding and 19th century

Main articles: Adams–Onís Treaty, Florida Territory, and Florida in the American Civil War

In 1821, when Spain gave Florida to the United States, people on the north side of the St. Johns River decided to create a town. They named it Jacksonville after Andrew Jackson, a famous general and later president. The town officially started on February 9, 1832.

During the American Civil War, soldiers from Duval County fought, and Jacksonville was an important place for supplies. The city changed hands between Union and Confederate forces many times, though no big battles happened in the city itself.

After the war, Jacksonville became a popular winter destination for visitors, who arrived by steamboat and later by train. However, yellow fever diseases in the late 1800s hurt tourism. From 1893 to 1938, Jacksonville also had a home for older soldiers and sailors.

20th and 21st centuries

In 1901, a big fire destroyed much of downtown Jacksonville. It started from a wood stove and spread quickly, burning down many buildings. The city was rebuilt, and an architect named Henry John Klutho helped design new buildings.

In the 1910s, Jacksonville was a place where movies were made before Hollywood became big. Over 30 movie studios opened here, and the city was called the “Winter Film Capital of the World.” But later, Hollywood grew and Jacksonville’s film industry ended. One old studio still stands today as a museum.

During World War II, the U.S. Navy built bases in Jacksonville, bringing many jobs. After the war, the city grew quickly, but many people moved to the suburbs.

In 1968, the city and county governments combined to create one big government for Jacksonville. This helped share services and taxes more fairly.

In the 1980s and 1990s, leaders worked on plans to improve the city. They built new roads, protected nature, and helped businesses grow. In 2005, Jacksonville hosted the Super Bowl.

In 2010, Jacksonville was the place where someone used Bitcoin to buy pizza for the first time. Ten thousand Bitcoins bought two pizzas from a local restaurant.

Jacksonville has faced big storms, like Hurricane Matthew in 2016 and Hurricane Irma in 2017, which caused flooding and damage. Like many cities, Jacksonville has seen more people move to areas outside the city center, changing its population over time.

Geography

Cityscape

From left to right: Northbank Jacksonville skyline and the Main Street Bridge

Topography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 874.3 sq mi (2,264 km²), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States. Of this, 86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km²) is land and 13.34% (116.7 sq mi or 302 km²) is water. Jacksonville completely surrounds the town of Baldwin. Nassau County lies to the north, Baker County lies to the west, and Clay and St. Johns counties lie to the south. Jacksonville has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean with the Jacksonville Beaches. The city developed along both sides of the St. Johns River. The Trout River, a major tributary of the St. Johns River, is entirely within Jacksonville.

Soil composition is primarily sand and clay rather than limestone, so few sinkholes develop; however, deep, large diameter sinkholes do occur.

Architecture

See also: Architecture of Jacksonville and List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville

The architecture of Jacksonville varies in style. Few structures in the city center predate the Great Fire of 1901. The city is home to one of the largest collections of Prairie School style buildings outside the Midwest. Following the Great Fire of 1901, Henry John Klutho came to influence generations of local designers with his works by both the Chicago School, championed by Louis Sullivan, and the Prairie School of architecture, popularized by Frank Lloyd Wright. Jacksonville is also home to a notable collection of Mid-Century modern architecture. Local architects Robert C. Broward, Taylor Hardwick, and William Morgan adapted a range of design principles, including International style, Brutalism, Futurism and Organicism, all applied with an American interpretation generally referred to today as Mid-century modern design. The architecture firms of Reynolds, Smith & Hills (RS&H) and Kemp, Bunch & Jackson (KBJ) have also contributed a number of important works to the city's modern architectural movement.

Jacksonville's early predominant position as a regional center of business left an indelible mark on the city's skyline. Many of the earliest skyscrapers in the state were constructed in Jacksonville, dating to 1902. The city last held the state height record from 1974 to 1981. The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower, constructed in 1990 as the Barnett Center. It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story 1 Independent Square (with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline), originally built in 1972–1974 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company, and the 28-floor Riverplace Tower. When this tower was completed in 1967, it was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world.

[Laura Street Trio](/wiki/Laura_Street_Trio) (1902–1912)

[The Carling](/wiki/The_Carling) (1925)

[11 East Forsyth](/wiki/11_East_Forsyth) (1926)

[Eight Forty One](/wiki/Eight_Forty_One) (1955)

[Riverplace Tower](/wiki/Riverplace_Tower) (1967)

[1 Independent Square](/wiki/1_Independent_Square_\(Jacksonville\)) (1974)

[TIAA Bank Center](/wiki/TIAA_Bank_Center) (1983)

[Bank of America Tower](/wiki/Bank_of_America_Tower_\(Jacksonville\)) (1990)

Neighborhoods

Main article: Neighborhoods of Jacksonville, Florida

There are more than 500 neighborhoods within Jacksonville's vast area. These include Downtown Jacksonville and its surrounding neighborhoods, including LaVilla, Brooklyn, Riverside and Avondale, Springfield, Eastside, and San Marco. Additionally, greater Jacksonville is traditionally divided into several amorphous areas, comprising large parts of Duval County. These are Northside, Westside, Arlington, Southside, as well as the Jacksonville Beaches.

Four municipalities have retained their own governments since consolidation; these are Baldwin and the three Jacksonville Beaches towns of Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach. Four of Jacksonville's neighborhoods, Avondale, Ortega, Springfield, and Riverside, have been identified as U.S. historic districts and are in the National Register of Historic Places.

[LaVilla](/wiki/LaVilla)

Brooklyn

[Northbank](/wiki/Northbank_\(Jacksonville\))

Southbank

Springfield

[San Marco](/wiki/San_Marco_\(Jacksonville\))

Southside

• Northside

• Eastside and Arlington

• Ortega

• Riverside and Avondale

• Tallulah-North Shore

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Jacksonville has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with hot humid summers, and warm to mild and drier winters. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September, when brief but intense downpours with thunder and lightning are common, while the driest months are from November through April. Rainfall averages around 52 inches (1.3 m) a year.

Normal monthly mean temperatures range from 54.2 °F (12.3 °C) in January to 82.5 °F (28.1 °C) in July; high temperatures average 65.5 to 91.9 °F (18.6 to 33.3 °C) throughout the year.

The city of Jacksonville usually averages only about 10 to 15 nights at or below freezing. Such cold weather is usually short-lived. The coldest temperature recorded at Jacksonville International Airport was 7 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Jacksonville has recorded four days with measurable snow since 1911, most recently a one-inch (2.5 cm) snowfall in December 1989, flurries in December 2010, and 1/10 of an inch (0.25 cm) of snow in January, 2025.

Jacksonville has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871. The rarity of direct strikes is attributed to chance. However, the city has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area. The strongest effect on Jacksonville was from Hurricane Dora in 1964, the only recorded storm to hit the First Coast with sustained hurricane-force winds. The eye crossed St. Augustine with winds that had just barely diminished to 110 mph (180 km/h), making it a strong Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale. In 1979, Hurricane David passed offshore by 40 miles (64 kilometres), bringing winds around 95 mph (150 km/h). Hurricane Floyd in 1999 caused damage mainly to Jacksonville Beach.

In 2004, Jacksonville was inundated by Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne, which made landfall south of the area, and suffered minor damage from Tropical Storm Bonnie, which spawned a minor tornado. Jacksonville also suffered damage from 2008's Tropical Storm Fay, which crisscrossed the state. On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 mph (110 km/h), which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach. Hurricane Matthew passed 37 mi (60 km) to the east with winds of 110 miles per hour. In 2017, Hurricane Irma passed 75 mi (121 km) to the west with 65 mph (100 km/h) winds.

Parks

The City of Jacksonville has a unique park system, with various lands operated by the National Park Service, Florida State Parks and the City of Jacksonville Department of Parks and Recreation. Jacksonville operates the largest urban park system in the United States, providing facilities and services at more than 337 locations on more than 80,000 acres (320 km²) throughout the city. A number of parks provide access for people to boat, swim, fish, sail, jetski, surf and waterski.

National parks

Main article: National Park Service

The Timucuan Preserve is a U.S. National Preserve comprising over 46,000 acres (19,000 ha) of wetlands and waterways. It includes natural and historic areas such as the Fort Caroline National Memorial and the Kingsley Plantation, the oldest standing plantation in the state.

State parks

Main article: Florida State Parks

There are several state parks within the city limits of Jacksonville, these include Amelia Island State Park, Big Talbot Island State Park, Fort George Island Cultural State Park, George Crady Bridge Fishing Pier State Park, Little Talbot Island State Park, Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve State Park and Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park.

City parks

See also: List of parks in Jacksonville

• Springfield Park is a public park on the southern bounds of the historic neighborhood of Springfield (for which it is named), and is part of a network of parks that parallel Hogans Creek. The park opened in 1907 as Dignan Park, named for a former chairman of the city's Board of Public Works. In 1914, the park hosted the annual reunion of the United Confederate Veterans. Five months after the reunion, the city renamed the park "Confederate Park". A Confederate monument was erected in 1915. On August 11, 2020, the city council voted to change the name of the park to "Springfield Park".

View of downtown, as seen from Springfield Park

• Friendship Fountain is a large fountain in St. Johns River Park at the west end of Downtown Jacksonville's Southbank Riverwalk. It opened in 1965 as the world's largest and tallest fountain, and has been one of Jacksonville's most recognizable and popular attractions. The fountain's three pumps could push 17,000 US gallons (64,000 L) of water per minute up to 100 feet (30 m) in height. It was designed by Jacksonville architect Taylor Hardwick in 1963 and in 2011, the city completed a $3.2 million renovation to the fountain and the surrounding park. It features a light show and music each evening.

• Hanna Park is a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) public beach and city park near Mayport in the Jacksonville Beaches area. It consists of 447 acres (1.81 km²) of mature coastal hammock, and was known as Manhattan Beach, Florida's first beach community for African Americans during the period of segregation in the United States. Hannah Park also has a campground with both RV and tent sites.

• James Weldon Johnson Park is a 1.54-acre (6,200 m²) public park in the heart of the government center in downtown. Originally a village green, it was the first park and remains the oldest park in the city. The area was established as a public square in 1857 by Isaiah Hart, founder of Jacksonville. Formerly Hemming Park, it was renamed in 2020 for writer and civil rights activist James Weldon Johnson.

• Klutho Park is an 18.34-acre (74,200 m²) public park, between downtown and the historic neighborhood of Springfield. It is part of a network of parks that parallel Hogans Creek, Klutho Park being the largest, and was created between 1899 and 1901 on land donated by the Springfield Company. The park also housed the city's first zoo, opening at the park in 1914. The Hogans Creek Improvement Project of 1929–1930, designed by architect Henry J. Klutho, turned much of the park grounds into a Venetian-style promenade.

• Jacksonville-Baldwin Rail Trail is a 14.5-mile (23.3 km) Rail Trail that extends northwest to Baldwin. It includes three separate paths; a multi-use asphalt trail for hiking, jogging, in-line skating or cycling; an off-road bike trail; and a horseback riding trail.

• Jessie Ball DuPont Park is a 7-acre (2.8 ha) park, home to Treaty Oak, a massive 250-year-old tree in the Southbank.

• Metropolitan Park is a 32-acre (13 ha) waterfront park on the St. Johns River, in the Sports Complex area of downtown. The multi-purpose facility contains an exhibition area, picnic and playground area, and a performance pavilion which has a capacity of 10,000 persons.

• Memorial Park is a 5.85-acre (23,700 m²) public park, on the St. Johns River in the historic neighborhood Riverside. Completed in 1924, it is the third oldest park in the city. Built to honor the 1,200 Floridians who died serving during World War I, the notable Olmsted Brothers were commissioned to design the park, along with local architect Roy A. Benjamin. Charles Adrian Pillars designed the bronze sculpture, 'Life', prominently showcased in the park.

• Riverside Park is an 11.4-acre (4.6 ha) public park, in the historic neighborhood of Riverside. It is the second oldest park in the city.

• Riverwalk 2.0 miles (3.2 km) along the St. Johns from Berkman Plaza to I-95 at the Fuller Warren Bridge and Riverfront Plaza while the Southbank Riverwalk stretches 1.2 miles (1.9 km) from the Radisson Hotel to Museum Circle. Adjacent to Museum Circle is St. Johns River Park, also known as Friendship Park. It is the location of Friendship Fountain, one of the most recognizable and popular attractions in Jacksonville. This landmark was built in 1965 and promoted as the "World's Tallest and Largest" fountain at the time.

• Veterans Memorial Wall is a tribute to local servicemen and women killed while serving in the U.S. armed forces. A ceremony is held each Memorial Day, recognizing any service woman or man from Jacksonville who died in the previous year.

Other

• Evergreen Cemetery is a large historic cemetery added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 8, 2011.
• Jacksonville Arboretum & Gardens broke ground on a new center in April 2007 and held their grand opening on November 15, 2008.
• Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens
• Jacksonville National Cemetery
• Old City Cemetery
• Tree Hill Nature Center is a nature preserve and environmental education center five minutes from Downtown Jacksonville.

Demographics

See also: History of African Americans in Jacksonville

Jacksonville began counting its population in 1850, with only 1,045 people.

2010 and 2020 census

The 2020 census found 949,611 people living in Jacksonville, with 348,809 households and 213,174 families.

The 2010 census found 821,784 people, with 311,064 households and 197,888 families.

In 2020, Jacksonville was the biggest city in Florida and the eleventh biggest city in the United States.

In 2010, about 7.7% of people in Jacksonville were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. This included 2.6% Puerto Rican, 1.7% Mexican, and 0.9% Cuban.

In 2010, about 30.7% of people were of African ancestry, including African Americans. This group included 1.8% Sub-Saharan African and 1.4% Afro-Caribbean American.

In 2010, about 55.1% of people were of non-Hispanic white European ancestry. This included 10.4% German and 10.2% Irish.

In 2010, about 4.3% of people were of Asian ancestry. This included 1.8% Filipino and 0.9% Indian.

In 2010, about 6.7% of people identified as of American ancestry, and 0.9% were of Arab ancestry.

2000 census

In 2000, most people spoke English at home. Other common languages included Spanish, Tagalog, French, Arabic, German, and Vietnamese.

Ethnicities

Jacksonville is home to a large Albanian American community. It also has a significant Filipino American population, many with ties to the United States Navy.

Religion

Jacksonville has many different religious groups. The largest group is Protestant, with many churches in the area. The city is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine. There are also communities of Eastern Orthodox, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Muslims, Jewish, Hindus, Buddhists, and Baháʼís.

Economy

Further information: List of companies based in the Jacksonville area

Jacksonville's location on the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean helped the city grow. The city has a big deepwater port, which is important for bringing in cars and moving things. Jacksonville has many different kinds of jobs, like jobs in moving things, banking, making medicine tools, and selling things.

Jacksonville is where four big companies have their main offices. These companies are CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, Fidelity National Information Services and Southeastern Grocers. The city also has many other important companies, like Florida Blue and Firehouse Subs. Naval Air Station Jacksonville employs many people.

Tourism

Jacksonville is a popular place for visitors. Many people come to visit friends and family. New attractions are expected to bring even more visitors.

Banking and financial services

Jacksonville has a long history with banking and finance. Today, Jacksonville is home to two large financial companies, Fidelity National Financial and FIS. The city also has many other financial businesses, including EverBank.

Jacksonville's financial sector has grown because companies are moving some of their work to places with lower costs and better living conditions. Deutsche Bank has one of its big offices in Jacksonville.

Logistics

Jacksonville is an important place for moving things by train, plane, and ship. The city has a big port on the St. Johns River. Important things brought in include cars and coffee, while things like wood and paper are sent out. The city's factories provide many jobs.

The Port of Jacksonville is a key part of the local economy. Three big shipping companies that send things to Puerto Rico are based in Jacksonville.

The Cecil Commerce Center is a large area for businesses and factories. It was once a military base and now has lots of space for new companies.

Media and technology

Main article: Media in Jacksonville, Florida

The Florida Times-Union is the main newspaper in Jacksonville. The city also has many other newspapers and magazines.

Jacksonville is home to many television and radio stations. These stations show and play different kinds of shows and music for the local area.

Military and defense

Jacksonville has several important military bases. The military is one of the biggest employers in Jacksonville.

Naval Air Station Jacksonville is a big airport for the military.

Naval Station Mayport is a place where Navy ships are kept.

Blount Island Command helps the Marine Corps get ready to send people and supplies quickly when needed.

The Florida Air National Guard is based at Jacksonville International Airport.

Coast Guard Sector Jacksonville is on the St. Johns River and helps control operations along the coast.

Culture

Leisure and entertainment

See also: List of attractions and events in Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville has many fun events all year. One big event is the Gate River Run, a running race that happens every year since 1977. It is one of the biggest races in the country with many runners.

Another famous event is the Gator Bowl, a college football game held each year around New Year’s Day since 1946. The Florida–Georgia game, also called the "World's Largest Outdoor Cocktail Party," happens almost every year since 1933.

Fishermen enjoy the Jacksonville Kingfish Tournament in July, with prizes and many boats. The River City Pride parade happens in October to celebrate the community.

There are also music festivals like the Jacksonville Jazz Festival and Springing the Blues. The Art Walk is a monthly event showing art from many places.

Jacksonville has many places to see shows and games. The VyStar Veterans Memorial Arena, opened in 2003, hosts sports and theater shows. Daily’s Place is an outdoor spot for concerts. The Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens has many animals to see.

Literature, film and television

Further information: Media in Jacksonville, Florida and Category:Films shot in Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville has been home to many writers and films. James Weldon Johnson, a famous writer, grew up here and wrote a well-known poem called "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing."

Harriet Beecher Stowe, who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, wrote about her time in Florida in a book called Palmetto Leaves.

Many movies have been filmed in Jacksonville, including Creature from the Black Lagoon. The city has also been a location for many TV shows and movies over the years.

Museums and art galleries

The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens has art and beautiful gardens. The Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville shows modern art. The Museum of Science & History (MOSH) has science exhibits and will move to a new bigger building soon.

Kingsley Plantation shows life from long ago. The Alexander Brest Museum and Gallery has many kinds of art, like carved ivory and glass.

There are also art galleries at schools and other places in the city.

Music

The Ritz Theatre, opened in 1929, was a big spot for music. Famous musicians like Cab Calloway and Duke Ellington played there. Ray Charles also played piano there when he was young.

Jacksonville has had many music groups. The Classics IV was a popular pop rock band. The Allman Brothers Band started the Southern Rock style. In the 1990s and 2000s, many rock and hip hop artists came from Jacksonville.

Sports

Main article: Sports in Jacksonville

Jacksonville has one big sports team, the Jacksonville Jaguars, who play football in the NFL. They started in 1995 and play at TIAA Bank Field. In 2005, Jacksonville hosted the Super Bowl.

The city also has many smaller teams. The Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp play baseball, and the Jacksonville Sharks play arena football. There are also teams for rugby, soccer, ice hockey, and basketball.

College sports are popular too, with big games like the Florida–Georgia game and the Gator Bowl. The city’s two universities, the University of North Florida and Jacksonville University, have their own sports teams.

Government and politics

Government

Main article: Government of Jacksonville

In 1968, Jacksonville and Duval County joined their governments. Now, the city and the county share the same leaders. The mayor of Jacksonville and the City Council run the city. People living outside the city but inside the county can vote for these leaders.

The mayor of Jacksonville is the main leader of the city. The City Council has nineteen members who help make decisions. Some members represent different parts of the city, and others are elected by the whole city. The mayor can approve or disapprove decisions made by the council and can hire or fire leaders of city departments.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Jacksonville

The current mayor of Jacksonville is Donna Deegan, who started her term on July 1, 2023. Before her, Lenny Curry was the mayor from 2015 to 2023. Most of Jacksonville is in Florida's 4th congressional district, represented by Aaron Bean. Central Jacksonville is in the 5th district, represented by John Rutherford.

Education

Main article: Education in Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville has many schools where children can learn. Public schools are run by the Duval County Public Schools. There are different kinds of schools, including elementary, middle, and high schools. Some of these schools are very good.

Jacksonville also has several colleges and universities. The University of North Florida and Jacksonville University are two of the larger ones. There are also smaller colleges like Edward Waters University and Florida State College at Jacksonville.

The city has a big public library system. It has a main library and many smaller branches. The main library is one of the largest in the state and has many books and computers.

Primary and secondary education

Main article: Duval County Public Schools

See also: List of high schools in Jacksonville

Colleges and universities

Further information: List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Jacksonville

Public libraries

Main article: Jacksonville Public Library (Florida)

Infrastructure

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Jacksonville, Florida

There are seven bridges over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville. They include the Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Bridge (Dames Point), the John E. Mathews Bridge, the Isaiah D. Hart Bridge, the John T. Alsop Jr. Bridge (Main Street), the St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge, the Fuller Warren Bridge, and the Henry Holland Buckman Bridge.

Interstate 10 and I-95 meet in Jacksonville, forming the busiest freeway interchange in the area. State Road 202 gives access to the Jacksonville beaches.

The Jacksonville Skyway is an automated train connecting several important places in the city.

Amtrak provides daily train service from the Jacksonville Amtrak Station.

Jacksonville has Jacksonville International Airport.

Public seaports are managed by the Jacksonville Port Authority.

Utilities

Main article: Jacksonville Electric Authority

Basic utilities in Jacksonville are provided by JEA. People's Gas supplies natural gas, Comcast provides cable, and AT&T offers phone services.

Health

Further information: List of hospitals in Florida

Major healthcare facilities in Jacksonville include St. Vincent's HealthCare, Baptist Health, and UF Health Jacksonville.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville, Florida, has been home to many famous people. Some of these people have done important work in sports, entertainment, and other areas. The city is still a place where interesting and successful people live and grow.

Sister cities

See also: List of sister cities in Florida

Jacksonville has several sister cities around the world. They are:

• Bahía Blanca in Argentina (1967)
• Murmansk in Russia (1975, currently not active)
• Changwon in South Korea (1983)
• Nantes in France (1984)
• Yingkou in China (1990)
• Nelson Mandela Bay in South Africa (2000)
• Curitiba in Brazil (2009)
• San Juan in Puerto Rico (2009)

In 2000, Jacksonville got an award for its cultural program with Nantes.