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Religion in Hungary

Adapted from Wikipedia · Adventurer experience

A beautiful view of Budapest showcasing the Holy Trinity column and the historic Matthias Church.

Religion in Hungary is very diverse, with many people having different beliefs. The largest group is Christian, making up most of the country. Most of these Christians follow Latin Catholicism, with smaller groups following Greek Catholicism, Calvinism, Lutheranism, and other Christian paths.

Besides Christianity, there are smaller groups that practice other religions such as Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and more. Some people also follow newer spiritual paths like Hungarian Neopaganism or New Age beliefs.

Many people in Hungary, around 40%, did not share their religious views in the latest survey. Another 16% said they were not religious, showing that many people in Hungary have different or no specific beliefs.

History

Religious ceremonies in Hungary have changed a lot over time. Long ago, people in the land that is now Hungary had many different beliefs. The Celts and Illyrians, who lived west of the Danube River, were influenced by Roman culture. They built temples to Roman gods like Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. They also kept some of their own Celtic traditions.

Temple of Isis in Szombathely. Rebuilt in 2011 on the site of the ruins of Roman Pannonian temple of the mysteries of Isis.

During the Middle Ages, the Hungarian people formed their own state and chose Catholicism as their main religion. King Stephen I helped spread Christianity by building churches and making laws to support it. Later, many Hungarians turned to Protestantism, especially Lutheranism and Calvinism, in the 16th century. This happened partly because Hungary was fighting the Ottoman Empire and the government was weak.

In the 20th century, Hungary went through big changes. After World War II, the Communist government limited religious freedom. But in the late 1980s and after 1990, religious freedom improved. Today, Hungary is a secular country where people can practice many different religions freely. Christianity is still common, but there are also many other beliefs, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and new religious movements. The government respects all religions and works to protect freedom of belief.

Religions

Christianity

Main articles: History of Christianity in Hungary, Catholic Church in Hungary, and Reformed Church in Hungary

Most Hungarians became Christian in the 1100s. Hungary’s first king, Saint Stephen I, chose Western Christianity, though his mother Sarolt followed Eastern Christianity. Hungary stayed mostly Catholic until the 1500s when the Reformation began. During this time, Lutheranism and Calvinism became very popular.

In the late 1500s, Catholic leaders started schools and universities, like Péter Pázmány Catholic University, to teach about their faith.

Today, many Hungarians are Catholic, but some follow Reformed (Calvinist) and Lutheran traditions. There are also smaller groups like Eastern Orthodox Christians and other Christian denominations.

Islam

Main article: Islam in Hungary

Mosque in Siklós.

Islam was practiced by some early Hungarians. Over time, the number of Muslims grew with new settlers. Later, during the Ottoman Empire, more Muslims came to Hungary. Today, there are only a few thousand Muslims in Hungary.

Judaism

Main article: History of the Jews in Hungary

The former synagogue of the Hungarian city of Sopron.

Hungary once had a large Jewish community. In the early 1900s, about 400,000 people identified as Jewish. During World War II, many faced difficult times, and the Jewish population decreased greatly.

Today, only around 11,000 Jews live in Hungary, mostly in Budapest. The large Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest is the biggest synagogue in Europe.

Buddhism

Main article: Buddhism in Hungary

In recent years, Buddhism has grown in Hungary, mostly through Tibetan monks. Different Buddhist groups have formed, including the Hungarian Buddhist Church and others. There is also a Shaolin temple in Budapest.

A világfa (world tree) erected in Gödöllő, Pest, Budapest metropolis.

Paganism

Main article: Neopaganism in Hungary

Hungary has many different Pagan groups today. Some follow the Old Hungarian Religion, which tries to revive ancient Hungarian beliefs. Others follow religions from different parts of the world, like Egyptian Kemetism, Celtic Druidry, Wicca, and Mithraism.

These groups have many different ideas and traditions.

Demographics

Census statistics from 1920 to 2022 show how people's religious beliefs in Hungary have changed over time. The data includes percentages of people who identify with different religions or as not religious.

In 2020, a big study of 53,061 people looked at what Hungarians believe. It found that while fewer people strongly follow traditional Christian beliefs, many still hold mixed or different kinds of beliefs. Specifically, 42.1% of people identified as Christians. About 27.9% had mixed beliefs from various traditions, 5.3% believed in ideas like reincarnation or astrology, and 24.7% did not believe in any religion.

Distribution of religions and irreligion in Hungary, 2011 census.
Religious affiliations in Hungary, census 1920–2022
Religion192019301941194919921998200120112022
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Christianity7,503,05094.08,238,10494.88,909,79995.69,049,97398.39,632,80192.98,151,99879.47,583,67074.45,384,20054.24,086,25042.5
Catholicism5,278,11966.15,832,23867.26,353,05468.26,488,75570.57,030,18267.85,934,32657.85,558,45654.53,870,56538.92,808,99029.2
——Latin Church5,102,46663.95,631,14664.86,119,21865.76,240,39967.87,030,18267.85,934,32657.85,289,52151.93,691,38937.12,643,85527.5
——Greek Catholic Church175,6532.2201,0922.3233,8362.5248,3562.7268,9352.6179,1761.8165,1351.7
Calvinism1,670,99020.91,813,14420.91,934,85320.82,014,71821.92,167,12120.91,817,25917.71,622,79615.91,153,45411.6943,9829.8
Lutheranism496,7996.2533,8466.2557,1936.0482,1575.2435,4984.2400,4133.9304,7053.0215,0932.2176,5031.8
Faith Church3,7080.0418,2200.222,6470.2
Jehovah's Witnesses21,6880.231,7270.322,2490.2
Baptist Christianity9,3990.117,9170.218,8790.217,7050.218,2110.217,6620.2
Eastern Orthodox Church50,9170.639,8390.538,3170.436,0150.414,5200.113,7100.115,5780.2
Pentecostalism8,4280.19,3260.18,9470.1
Unitarianism6,2250.16,2660.18,4650.19,4490.16,5410.16,8200.16,5520.1
Adventism4100.0055,8400.16,2130.15,0110.1
Methodism670.0011,4840.012,4160.022,7760.03
Anglicanism4030.0042700.0033720.004
—Other Christians2,7950.0317,3960.238,1750.454,9810.6
Buddhism5,2230.059,7580.111,0420.1
Islam3,2010.035,5790.17,9830.1
Judaism473,3295.9444,5525.1400,7604.3133,8611.520,5340.212,8710.110,9650.17,6350.1
Hinduism1,7670.022,8650.033,3070.03
Other religions5940.018,6780.13,3760.0317,9210.285,6460.9
No religion1,9590.023,8410.0412,2870.11,483,36914.51,806,40918.21,549,61016.1
Not stated10,4960.13030.0031,6740.021,5220.02725,8307.02,094,46820.41,104,33310.82,698,84427.23,852,53340.1
Total population7,986,8758,685,1099,316,0749,204,79910,369,00010,267,00010,198,3159,937,6289,603,634
Religious affiliations in Hungary by region and county, 2022 census
ReligionChristianityCatholicismCalvinismLutheranismOrthodox ChristianityOther ChristiansJudaismOther religionsNot religiousNot answered
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Budapest / Central Hungary594,98835.3408,82324.3126,9207.526,1621.54,8390.328,2441.74,8390.312,0760.7324,15719.2749,28244.5
Pest County560,88142.1378,26028.4127,5049.629,4902.22,0840.223,5431.28610.14,2060.3215,02716.1552,55841.4
Central Transdanubia433,70341.1311,82529.588,9268.419,5931.91,1010.112,2581.23220.032,4440.2181,36217.2437,81741.5
Fejér County157,60038.0112,37427.138,5489.36,1321.55460.14,8301.21370.031,0010.282,15419.8173,93441.9
Komárom-Esztergom County112,71837.580,04926.625,7638.63,4051.12190.13,2821.1910.037130.257,81719.2129,29243.0
Veszprém County158,55547.3119,40235.624,6157.310,0563.03360.14,1461.2940.037300.241,39112.3134,59140.1
Western Transdanubia516,87952.9441,54045.229,5013.034,9873.69850.19,8661.03060.031,6800.286,1478.8371,24638.0
Győr-Moson-Sopron County233,80850.2193,99041.616,3093.518,6964.03850.14,4280.91380.038420.247,53310.2183,62439.4
Vas County142,67457.2120,12248.16,8702.712,9475.23150.12,4201.0720.034300.216,5396.689,79836.0
Zala County140,39756.8127,42851.56,3222.63,3441.32850.13,0181.2960.044080.222,0758.997,82439.6
Southern Transdanubia395,37746.2321,30837.649,7275.813,3161.65900.110,4361.22780.032,1980.3124,93614.6332,63438.9
Baranya County153,71743.4126,40335.718,7185.33,3931.02920.14,9111.41140.031,1920.356,49116.0142,50840.2
Somogy County144,82149.3119,74040.817,1235.84,6101.61410.13,2071.11260.047000.236,34612.4111,47738.0
Tolna County96,83646.675,16536.113,8866.75,3132.61570.12,3181.1380.023060.132,09915.478,64937.8
Northern Hungary541,74449.6396,57536.3118,78910.99,7010.97060.115,9731.52820.031,8240.2130,69512.0416,83038.2
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County316,07550.7203,08132.6102,71816.52,6460.44060.17,2241.21620.038470.167,94710.9237,99338.2
Heves County132,39846.3113,84139.812,4574.49050.32410.14,9541.7650.026020.240,41414.1112,41339.3
Nógrád County96,83952.179,65342.83,6141.96,1503.3590.033,7952.0550.033750.222,33412.066,42435.7
Northern Great Plain633,31045.1287,64420.5312,55122.310,4980.71,6470.120,9701.53690.032,9260.2255,26018.2512,46636.5
Hajdú-Bihar County201,27538.867,76913.0123,73523.81,0250.27090.18,0371.51850.041,8020.3124,15423.9191,72536.9
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County119,42433.683,07823.331,3618.81,0310.32740.13,6801.0800.026350.291,13125.6144,53940.6
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County312,61159.0136,79725.8157,45529.78,4421.66640.19,2531.71040.024890.139,9757.5176,20233.3
Southern Great Plain486,99740.5340,64428.390,0647.532,7562.73,6260.319,9071.73780.032,6230.2232,02619.3479,70039.9
Bács-Kiskun County235,29747.5179,36736.236,3887.310,4112.13920.18,7391.81360.038820.260,08412.1198,91940.2
Békés County105,96433.647,23115.031,84210.119,3766.12,4260.85,0891.6480.024920.291,95229.2116,76637.0
Csongrád-Csanád County145,73637.3114,04629.121,8345.62,9690.88080.26,0791.51940.11,2490.379,99020.4164,01541.9
Religious affiliations in Hungary by age group, census 2022
Religion10–1920–2930–3940–4950–5960–6970–7980–8990+
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Christianity303,61132.7370,69739.0352,69032.8439,88835.5621,48439.5583,86045.2648,07753.1549,14261.8256,71368.037,42065.9
Catholicism205,14022.1247,82326.1235,30021.9299,83324.2430,19227.4408,43731.6462,52637.9390,07643.9180,67047.926,62246.9
Calvinism71,7067.790,0889.583,8997.8101,8098.2138,7718.8128,3339.9140,92811.5121,97313.758,08715.48,38814.8
Lutheranism13,7551.516,8571.813,6391.317,4181.425,9071.722,5281.726,5692.225,0372.812,8083.41,9853.5
—Other Christians13,0101.415,9291.719,8521.620,8281.926,6141.724,5621.918,0541.512,0561.45,1481.44250.7
Judaism3910.045650.16150.18380.11,4560.19490.19400.11,2700.14570.11540.3
Other religions1,4290.22,1590.26,5290.66,0300.56,4780.44,5230.41,9600.27120.11400.04170.03
No religion230,45424.8185,26119.5214,55029.9236,88919.1266,43616.9179,40513.9141,74511.671,6968.120,2185.42,9565.2
Not stated393,04342.3391,67441.2501,10846.6555,91244.9676,21043.0523,80440.5428,95535.1266,00829.999,84326.515,97628.1
Total population928,928950,3561,075,4921,239,5571,572,0641,292,5411,221,677888,828377,37156,820
Religious affiliations in Hungary by education group, census 2022
ReligionLower primary schoolUpper primary schoolProfessional secondary school
professional diploma
General secondary school
maturity diploma
University or collegePerson under 15
school career underway
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Christianity82,81744.2832,46247.8770,84944.51,151,66742.4838,00345.7488,07235.0
Catholicism56,98230.4583,11133.5552,72931.9793,24229.2571,75431.2328,80123.6
Calvinism19,91710.6189,94110.9164,1089.5264,1849.7189,58310.3116,2498.3
Lutheranism2,0891.129,9541.729,5771.749,8181.842,7272.322,3381.6
—Other Christians3,8292.029,4651.724,4351.444,4231.633,9391.820,6841.5
Judaism1800.16050.034430.032,1320.13,5990.26760.1
Other religions5360.32,4710.12,6510.110,6290.411,4510.62,2390.2
No religion22,82412.2243,69814.0255,18714.7421,92915.5284,50815.5321,46423.1
Not stated80,91143.2660,21938.0704,63740.61,129,83041.6696,15538.0580,78141.7
Total population187,2681,739,4641,733,7672,716,1871,833,7161,393,232
Types of belief in Hungary by age groups, Századvég 2020
Type of belief18–2930–3940–4950–5960+
Christianity38.035.136.046.449.7
—Fully believing Christians23.623.220.431.232.8
—Partially believing Christians14.411.915.615.216.9
Syncretism27.332.637.128.519.8
Esotericism8.56.76.72.93.2
Non-believers26.225.620.222.227.2

Religious organisations

Registers of government-recognised churches

Voluntary tax offering to churches

In Hungary, people can choose to give 1% of their yearly income tax to religious groups they support. This happened in 2023, and the money went to different churches and religious organisations.

Officially registered religious organisations (churches) in Hungary,
according to the laws on churches of the Constitution of Hungary effective since 2012
In sequence according to the respective registration number
Type
00001/2012. Hungarian Catholic Church (Magyar Katolikus Egyház)Christianity
00002/2012. Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist) Church (Magyarországi Református Egyház)Christianity
00003/2012. Hungarian Evangelical (Lutheran) Church (Magyarországi Evangélikus Egyház)Christianity
00004/2012. Association of Hungarian Jewish Faith Communities (Magyarországi Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége)Judaism
00005/2012. United Hungarian Israelite Faith Community (Egységes Magyarországi Izraelita Hitközség)Judaism
00006/2012. Hungarian Autonomous Orthodox Israelite Faith Community (Magyarországi Autonóm Orthodox Izraelita Hitközség)Judaism
00007/2012. Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Buda (Budai Szerb Ortodox Egyházmegye)Christianity
00008/2012. Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople – Hungarian Orthodox Exarchate (Konstantinápolyi Egyetemes Patriarchátus – Magyarországi Ortodox Exarchátus)Christianity
00009/2012. Hungarian Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Magyarországi Bolgár Ortodox Egyház)Christianity
00010/2012. Hungarian Romanian Orthodox Diocese (Magyarországi Román Ortodox Egyházmegye)Christianity
00011/2012. Hungarian Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church – Moscow Patriarchate (Orosz Ortodox Egyház Magyar Egyházmegyéje – Moszkvai Patriarchátus)Christianity
00012/2012. Hungarian Unitarian Church (Magyar Unitárius Egyház)Christianity
00013/2012. Hungarian Baptist Church (Magyarországi Baptista Egyház)Christianity
00014/2012. Faith Church (Hit Gyülekezete)Christianity
00015/2012. Hungarian Methodist Church (Magyarországi Metodista Egyház)Christianity
00016/2012. Hungarian Pentecostal Church (Magyar Pünkösdi Egyház)Christianity
00017/2012. Saint Margaret Anglican Episcopal Church (Szent Margit Anglikán Episzkopális Egyház)Christianity
00018/2012. Transylvanian Church (Erdélyi Gyülekezet)Christianity
00019/2012. Seventh-day Adventist Church (Hetednapi Adventista Egyház)Christianity
00020/2012. Hungarian Coptic Orthodox Church (Magyarországi Kopt Ortodox Egyház)Christianity
00021/2012. Hungarian Islamic Fellowship (Magyar Iszlám Közösség)Islam
00022/2012. Church of Hungarian Muslims (Magyarországi Muszlimok Egyháza)Islam
00023/2012. Christ-believing Nazarene Churches (Krisztusban Hívő Nazarénus Gyülekezetek)Christianity
00024/2012. Hungarian Fellowship of Krishna-conscious Believers (Magyarországi Krisna-tudatú Hívők Közössége)Hinduism
00025/2012. Free Church of the Salvation Army in Hungary (Üdvhadsereg Szabadegyház Magyarország)Christianity
00026/2012. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Az Utolsó Napok Szentjeinek Jézus Krisztus Egyháza)Christianity
00027/2012. Hungarian Church of Jehovah's Witnesses (Magyarországi Jehova Tanúi Egyház)Christianity
00028/2012. Knowledge Gate Buddhist Church (Tan Kapuja Buddhista Egyház)Buddhism
00029/2012. Buddhist Mission, Hungarian Arya Maitreya Mandala Church Fellowship (Buddhista Misszió, Magyarországi Árya Maitreya Mandala Egyházközösség)Buddhism
00030/2012. Hungarian Karma Kagyüpa Buddhist Fellowship (Magyarországi Karma Kagyüpa Buddhista Közösség)Buddhism
00031/2012. Hungarian Chinese Chan Buddhist Church (Magyarországi Kínai Chanbuddhista Egyház)Buddhism
00032/2012. Diamond Way Buddhist Fellowship (Gyémánt Út Buddhista Közösség)Buddhism
Main other religious organisations (churches) in Hungary as of 2004–2011,
amongst those which were officially registered before the 2012 laws on churches
In alphabetical sequence according to the names in Hungarian; the list may be intrinsically incomplete
Type
Ankh Church of Eternal Life (Ankh Örök Élet Egyháza)Egyptian Kemetism
Traditional Church of the Legal Grounds of the Order of Árpád (Árpád Rendjének Jogalapja Tradicionális Egyház)Ősmagyar vallás
Hunnic Tengrism
Unification Church (Egyesítő Egyház)Christianity
Church of the Universal Love (Egyetemes Szeretet Egyháza)New Age
Spiritualism
Independent Spiritual Order of Human Possibility (Emberi Lehetőség Független Szellemi Rend)New Age
Human Potential Movement
Church of Esoteric Teachings – Church of the Holy Crown (Ezoterikus Tanok Egyháza – Szent Korona Egyház)Ősmagyar vallás
Scythian-Hunnic Tengrism
Church of the Source (Forrás Egyháza)New Age
Holistic syncretism
Church of the Fellowship of Believers in Alien, More Advanced Intelligences (Idegen, Fejlettebb Intelligenciákban Hívők Közössége Egyház)New Age
Exotheology
Karma Decsen Özel Ling Tibetan Buddhist Fellowship (Karma Decsen Özel Ling Tibeti Buddhista Közösség)Buddhism
Church of Celtic-Wiccan Tradition Keepers (Kelta-Wicca Hagyományőrzők Egyháza)Wicca
Church of the Universal Love of the Cosmos (Kozmosz Univerzális Szeretet Egyház)New Age
Protestantism
Association of Hungarian Witches (Magyar Boszorkányszövetség)Contemporary witchcraft
Hungarian Taoist Church (Magyar Taoista Egyház)Taoism
Hungarian Vaishnavite Hindu Church (Magyar Vaisnava Hindu Egyház)Hinduism
Hungarian Religious Fellowship (Magyar Vallás Közössége)Ősmagyar vallás
Sumerian Zuism
Hungarian Baháʼí Fellowship (Magyarországi Baháʼí Közösség)Baháʼí Faith
Hungarian Evangelical Brotherhood (Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség)Christianity
Hungarian Pantholocatholic Traditional Church (Magyarországi Pantholokatholikus Tradicionális Egyház)New Age
Belief in God
Hungarian Church of Scientology (Magyarországi Szcientológia Egyház)Scientology
Hungarian Xuyun Buddhist Chan Central Church (Magyarországi Xuyun Buddhista Chan Központi Egyház)Buddhism
Menorah Messianic Fellowship (Menóra Messiási Közösség)Messianic Judaism
Om Vishwa Guru Deep Hindu Religious Fellowship (Om Vishwa Guru Deep Hindu Vallási Közösség)Hinduism
Old Hungarian Church (Ősmagyar Egyház)Ősmagyar vallás
Sumerian Zuism
Old Hungarian Taltos Church (Ősmagyar Táltos Egyház)Ősmagyar vallás
Uralic-Siberian Tengrism
Sodalitas Mithraica Confessing Church (Sodalitas Mithraica Hitvalló Egyház)Roman-Iranian Mithraism
Szangye Menlai Gedün, Healing Buddha Fellowship (Szangye Menlai Gedün, a Gyógyító Buddha Közössége)Buddhism
Tenzin Sedrup Ling Rimé Buddhist Centre (Tenzin Sedrup Ling Rimé Buddhista Centrum)Buddhism
Church of the Pure Souls (Tiszta Lelkű Emberek Egyháza)Christianity
Church of the Hun Universe – Holy Mother Church of the Huns (Hun Univerzum Egyháza – Hunok Anyaszentegyháza)Ősmagyar vallás
Hunnic Tengrism
Hungarian Fellowship of Vishwa Nirmala Dharma (Vishwa Nirmala Dharma Magyarországi Közössége)Hinduism
Yotengrit Church of the Ancestral Spirit of the Endless Sea (Yotengrit Tengervégtelen Ős-szellem Egyháza)Ősmagyar vallás
Uralic-Siberian Tengrism
2023 1% tax offering by Hungarian citizens to religious organisations (churches)
Religious organisationTypeDonation
In million HUF
Number of donors
Hungarian Catholic Church (Magyar Katolikus Egyház)Christianity6048803,070
Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist) Church (Magyarországi Református Egyház)Christianity2657348,482
Hungarian Evangelical (Lutheran) Church (Magyarországi Evangélikus Egyház)Christianity74392,581
Hungarian Evangelical Brotherhood (Magyarországi Evangéliumi Testvérközösség)Christianity71873,381
Hungarian Fellowship of Krishna-conscious Believers (Magyarországi Krisna-tudatú Hívők Közössége)Hinduism69186,005
Hungarian Baptist Church (Magyarországi Baptista Egyház)Christianity46156,294
Knowledge Gate Buddhist Church (Tan Kapuja Buddhista Egyház)Buddhism29033,566
Diamond Way Buddhist Fellowship (Gyémánt Út Buddhista Közösség)Buddhism20324,377
Faith Church (Hit Gyülekezete)Christianity16936,108
Association of Hungarian Jewish Religious Communities (Magyarországi Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége)Judaism13112,612
Hungarian Church of Jehovah's Witnesses (Magyarországi Jehova Tanúi Egyház)Christianity8214,672
Transylvanian Church (Erdélyi Gyülekezet)Christianity779,398
Buddhist Mission, Hungarian Arya Maitreya Mandala Church Fellowship (Buddhista Misszió, Magyarországi Árya Maitreya Mandala Egyházközösség)Buddhism759,396

Images

The Mosque Church in Pécs, Hungary, is an important historical building that shows the city's rich cultural heritage.
A group of participants in traditional attire during a Hungarian Native Faith ritual.
A statue of King Stephen of Hungary located in Budapest, showcasing important historical art and architecture.
The main facade of Szeged Cathedral, a beautiful historical building in Hungary.
A large, crowned bird statue (the Turul) located on Kő hill in Bánhida, Tatabánya – the biggest bird statue in Europe.
A gathering at Kurultaj in 2019, showcasing a traditional event in Bugac.

Related articles

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